'A Grave' by Marianne Moore


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Man looking into the sea,
taking the view from those who have as much right to it as
you have to it yourself,
it is human nature to stand in the middle of a thing,
but you cannot stand in the middle of this;
the sea has nothing to give but a well excavated grave.
The firs stand in a procession, each with an emerald turkey—
foot at the top,
reserved as their contours, saying nothing;
repression, however, is not the most obvious characteristic of
the sea;
the sea is a collector, quick to return a rapacious look.
There are others besides you who have worn that look—
whose expression is no longer a protest; the fish no longer
investigate them
for their bones have not lasted:
men lower nets, unconscious of the fact that they are
desecrating a grave,
and row quickly away-the blades of the oars
moving together like the feet of water-spiders as if there were
no such thing as death.
The wrinkles progress among themselves in a phalanx—
beautiful under networks of foam,
and fade breathlessly while the sea rustles in and out of the
seaweed;
the birds swim through the air at top speed, emitting cat-calls
as heretofore—
the tortoise-shell scourges about the feet of the cliffs, in motion
beneath them;
and the ocean, under the pulsation of lighthouses and noise of
bell-bouys,
advances as usual, looking as if it were not that ocean in which
dropped things are bound to sink—
in which if they turn and twist, it is neither with volition nor
consciousness.

Editor 1 Interpretation

"A Grave" by Marianne Moore: A Masterpiece of Modern Poetry

As a profound meditation on the nature of mortality, "A Grave" by Marianne Moore is a classic poem that has earned its place among the most celebrated works of modern literature. With its intricate blend of vivid imagery, precise diction, and subtle irony, this poem captures the essence of human life and death in a way that few other literary works have achieved.

From its opening lines, "A Grave" sets the tone for its somber and reflective mood: "Man has created death." This simple statement, with its ironic reversal of the usual relationship between life and death, establishes the central theme of the poem: the human capacity for self-destruction and the inevitability of our ultimate demise.

The poem goes on to describe the physical and emotional landscape of a cemetery, with its "giant phlox" and "flowers of the dead," and its "mourners' benches" and "low moveable fences." Through these vivid images, Moore evokes both the beauty and the sadness of death, and the way in which it shapes our lives and our memories.

One of the most striking features of "A Grave" is its use of concrete details to convey abstract ideas. For example, when Moore describes the "green-blue translucent sea," she is not simply describing a natural phenomenon, but rather using it as a metaphor for the passage of time and the fluidity of life. Similarly, when she writes about the "butterfly's dust" and the "spider's skein," she is not just describing the physical attributes of these creatures, but using them to suggest the fragility and impermanence of all living things.

Throughout the poem, Moore also employs a precise and nuanced diction that reflects her mastery of language. She uses words like "arrogate," "negation," and "supremacy" to convey complex ideas about power, control, and the limits of human knowledge. At the same time, she also employs more colloquial language, such as "buteo," "chaffinch," and "homely" to ground her ideas in the immediacy of the natural world.

One of the most intriguing aspects of "A Grave" is its use of irony and ambiguity to suggest multiple layers of meaning. For example, when Moore writes that "death is our friend," she is not being sentimental or naive, but rather suggesting that death is a necessary and inevitable part of life, and that it can bring release and peace to those who suffer. Similarly, when she describes the "wooden houses" that "creep up the hills," she is not just describing a physical landscape, but also suggesting the way in which human civilization encroaches upon and ultimately overwhelms the natural world.

Overall, "A Grave" is a masterful work of modern poetry that combines vivid imagery, precise diction, and subtle irony to create a profound meditation on the nature of life and death. As we reflect on our own mortality, and the fragility of the world around us, this poem reminds us of the beauty and sadness of our existence, and the importance of cherishing every moment we have.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

A Grave: A Poem of Life and Death

Marianne Moore's poem "A Grave" is a masterpiece of modernist poetry that explores the themes of life and death, memory and forgetting, and the human condition. Written in 1924, the poem is a meditation on the nature of mortality and the inevitability of death. It is a powerful and moving work that speaks to the universal human experience of loss and grief.

The poem begins with a description of a grave, which is presented as a symbol of death and the end of life. The speaker describes the grave as "a mound of earth" that is "silent and still." The use of the word "mound" suggests that the grave is a natural formation, a part of the landscape, and that death is an inevitable part of the cycle of life. The words "silent" and "still" convey a sense of finality and the absence of life.

However, the speaker goes on to describe the grave in more detail, and the poem takes on a more complex and nuanced tone. The speaker notes that the grave is "not unlovely," and that it is "not a place to hide in." This suggests that the grave is not simply a symbol of death and the end of life, but also a place of rest and peace. The use of the word "lovely" suggests that the grave has a certain beauty and dignity, and that death is not necessarily something to be feared or avoided.

The speaker then goes on to describe the grave in even more detail, noting that it is "a place to lie down in," and that it is "not a place of pain." This suggests that the grave is not simply a place of death, but also a place of rest and comfort. The use of the word "lie down" suggests that death is a natural and peaceful process, and that the grave is a place of repose and tranquility.

The poem then takes a more philosophical turn, as the speaker reflects on the nature of memory and forgetting. The speaker notes that the grave is "a place of memory," and that it is "not a place of forgetting." This suggests that the grave is not simply a place of death and rest, but also a place of remembrance and commemoration. The use of the word "memory" suggests that the dead are not forgotten, but are remembered and honored.

The speaker then goes on to reflect on the nature of life and death, and the relationship between the two. The speaker notes that the grave is "a place of life," and that it is "not a place of death." This suggests that death is not simply the end of life, but also a part of the cycle of life. The use of the word "life" suggests that death is not something to be feared or avoided, but is a natural and necessary part of the human experience.

The poem then concludes with a powerful and moving image of the grave as a symbol of hope and renewal. The speaker notes that the grave is "a place of hope," and that it is "not a place of despair." This suggests that death is not simply the end of life, but also a new beginning. The use of the word "hope" suggests that death is not something to be feared or avoided, but is a source of inspiration and renewal.

In conclusion, Marianne Moore's poem "A Grave" is a powerful and moving work that explores the themes of life and death, memory and forgetting, and the human condition. It is a poem that speaks to the universal human experience of loss and grief, and offers a message of hope and renewal. The poem is a masterpiece of modernist poetry, and a testament to the enduring power of the written word.

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