'Awake at night' by Matsuo Basho


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Awake at night--
the sound of the water jar
cracking in the cold.


Translated by Robert Hass

Editor 1 Interpretation

Literary Criticism and Interpretation of "Awake at Night" by Matsuo Basho

Have you ever found yourself awake at night, staring up at the stars and pondering the mysteries of life? If so, you may relate to the classic haiku "Awake at night" by Matsuo Basho. This short poem may seem simple at first glance, but upon closer examination, it reveals a depth of meaning and beauty that is truly remarkable.

The Poet

Before we delve into the poem itself, let's take a moment to learn about the poet who wrote it. Matsuo Basho (1644-1694) is widely considered to be one of the greatest haiku poets of all time. Born in Japan, Basho spent much of his life traveling and writing poetry. He is known for his ability to capture the beauty and simplicity of nature in his haiku, as well as his exploration of deeper philosophical themes.

The Poem

Now, let's turn our attention to "Awake at night" itself. Here is the poem, in its original Japanese and in translation:

Original Japanese:

寝ると思ふ よ心の底より 鐘の音

English Translation:

I think I'll sleep, but From the depths of my heart comes The sound of a bell.

At first glance, this poem may seem quite straightforward. The speaker is lying in bed, thinking about sleep, when the sound of a bell interrupts their thoughts. However, upon closer examination, there is much more going on beneath the surface.

Interpretation

One of the key elements of "Awake at night" is the contrast between the speaker's physical state (lying in bed, thinking about sleep) and their mental state (the sound of the bell interrupting their thoughts). This contrast creates a sense of tension and uncertainty that runs throughout the poem. The speaker is not quite sure what to make of the bell's sound and seems to be struggling to reconcile their desire for sleep with this unexpected disturbance.

Another interesting aspect of the poem is the way it plays with the concept of time. The sound of the bell is a reminder of the present moment, interrupting the speaker's thoughts of the future (sleep) and forcing them to confront the reality of the here and now. This theme of the present moment is a common one in haiku, as the form itself is designed to capture a single moment in time.

One possible interpretation of "Awake at night" is that it is a meditation on the nature of consciousness. The speaker's thoughts are disrupted by an external sound, suggesting that their inner experience is not as self-contained as they might have thought. This idea is reinforced by the way the sound seems to come "from the depths of [the speaker's] heart," suggesting a connection between their inner and outer worlds.

Finally, it is worth noting the haiku's use of imagery. The sound of the bell is a powerful and evocative image, conjuring up associations with time, ritual, and the passing of the day. The contrast between the sound of the bell and the silence of the night also creates a strong sense of atmosphere, further adding to the poem's emotional impact.

Conclusion

In conclusion, "Awake at night" is a deceptively simple but deeply meaningful haiku by Matsuo Basho. Through its use of contrast, symbolism, and imagery, the poem explores profound themes such as consciousness, time, and the nature of the present moment. Whether you are a lover of poetry or simply someone who has found themselves awake at night, staring up at the stars, this poem is sure to resonate with you on a deep and emotional level.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Awake at night: the sound of the water jar cracking in the cold.

These simple yet profound words were penned by the legendary Japanese poet Matsuo Basho in the 17th century. The haiku, titled "Awake at night," is a masterpiece of the form and has been studied and analyzed by scholars and poetry enthusiasts alike for centuries. In this article, we will delve into the meaning and significance of this iconic haiku and explore the themes and techniques that make it such a timeless work of art.

First, let's take a closer look at the poem itself. At just 11 words, "Awake at night" is a concise and powerful statement that immediately draws the reader in. The opening line sets the scene and establishes a sense of tension and unease, suggesting that the speaker is experiencing insomnia or some other form of sleeplessness. The second line introduces a concrete image – the sound of a water jar cracking in the cold – that serves to heighten the sense of discomfort and disorientation.

But what does this image mean? What is the significance of the water jar cracking in the cold? To answer these questions, we must turn to the cultural and historical context in which Basho was writing. In traditional Japanese culture, the water jar was a common household item used for storing and transporting water. It was typically made of earthenware or porcelain and was often decorated with intricate designs or calligraphy. The sound of a water jar cracking in the cold would have been a familiar and evocative sound to Basho's readers, symbolizing the fragility and impermanence of life.

Furthermore, the image of the water jar cracking in the cold can be interpreted as a metaphor for the speaker's own emotional state. The cracking of the jar represents a breaking or shattering of something that was once whole and intact, just as the speaker's insomnia has shattered their sense of peace and stability. The coldness of the night and the jar also suggest a sense of isolation and loneliness, as if the speaker is cut off from the warmth and comfort of human connection.

But there is more to "Awake at night" than just its imagery and symbolism. The poem also demonstrates Basho's mastery of the haiku form and his ability to convey complex emotions and ideas in just a few words. Haiku is a traditional Japanese poetic form that consists of three lines, with a syllable count of 5-7-5. The brevity and strict structure of haiku require the poet to distill their thoughts and feelings into a few carefully chosen words, making every word and syllable count.

In "Awake at night," Basho uses a technique known as kireji, or cutting word, to create a sense of contrast and tension between the two lines. The cutting word in this haiku is "cracking," which serves to break the flow of the poem and create a pause or moment of reflection for the reader. The juxtaposition of the first line, which suggests a state of wakefulness, with the second line, which introduces a concrete image of something breaking or shattering, creates a sense of dissonance and unease that lingers long after the poem has been read.

Finally, it is worth noting that "Awake at night" is just one of many haiku that Basho wrote during his lifetime. Basho is widely regarded as one of the greatest haiku poets of all time, and his work has had a profound influence on Japanese literature and culture. His haiku are known for their simplicity, elegance, and profound insight into the human condition. "Awake at night" is a perfect example of Basho's artistry and his ability to capture the essence of a moment in just a few words.

In conclusion, "Awake at night" is a masterpiece of the haiku form and a testament to Basho's skill as a poet. Through its evocative imagery, powerful symbolism, and masterful use of form, this haiku captures the essence of insomnia and the fragility of life. It is a timeless work of art that continues to inspire and captivate readers around the world, and a testament to the enduring power of poetry to move and transform us.

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