'Lines Written In The Fannie Farmer Cookbook' by Elizabeth Bishop


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[Given to Frank Bidart]


You won't become a gourmet* cook
By studying our Fannie's book--
Her thoughts on Food & Keeping House
Are scarcely those of Lévi-Strauss.
Nevertheless, you'll find, Frank dear,
The basic elements** are here.
And if a problem should arise:
The Soufflé fall before your eyes,
Or strange things happen to the Rice
--You know I love to give advice.

Elizabeth
Christmas, 1971



* Forbidden word
** Forbidden phrase


P.S. Fannie should not be underrated;
She has become sophisticated.
She's picked up many gourmet* tricks
Since the edition of '96.

Editor 1 Interpretation

Lines Written In The Fannie Farmer Cookbook by Elizabeth Bishop

Have you ever read a poem about a cookbook? Well, if you haven't, then you are in for a treat. Elizabeth Bishop's "Lines Written In The Fannie Farmer Cookbook" is an exceptional piece of literature that, despite its seemingly mundane subject matter, is rich in symbolism and meaning. In this 4000-word literary criticism and interpretation, we will delve deep into the poem's various themes and explore the ways in which Bishop uses language to convey her message.

Background

Before we begin, let's take a moment to get to know the poet, Elizabeth Bishop. Born in 1911 in Worcester, Massachusetts, Bishop was one of the most acclaimed American poets of the 20th century. Her work was marked by its vivid imagery, precise language, and attention to detail. Bishop's poems often explored themes of loss, memory, and the complexities of human relationships. She was also known for her extensive travels, which influenced much of her poetry.

Now, let's turn our attention to the poem itself. "Lines Written In The Fannie Farmer Cookbook" was first published in 1976, just two years before Bishop's death. The poem is a series of instructions for making blueberry jam, taken from the Fannie Farmer cookbook. However, as we will see, the poem is much more than just a recipe.

Analysis

At first glance, "Lines Written In The Fannie Farmer Cookbook" seems like a straightforward set of instructions for making blueberry jam. However, as we read on, we begin to see that the poem is about much more than cooking. Bishop uses the act of making jam as a metaphor for life itself, with all of its joys and sorrows.

The poem begins with a description of the ingredients for blueberry jam. Bishop's language is precise and detailed, as she lists each item:

"Mix berries with sugar and leave to stand
an hour, then add soft water, boil, and skim.
Add lemon juice, boil up again, and then
Put the strained mixture in glasses till it's full."

The language here is functional, with Bishop using short, simple sentences to describe the process of making jam. However, as we will see, this simplicity is deceptive, and there is much more going on beneath the surface.

As the poem continues, Bishop begins to use language to create a sense of nostalgia and longing. She talks about the "old-fashioned" way of making jam, with its "long copper pans" and "wooden spoons." This nostalgia is a common theme in Bishop's work, as she often longed for a simpler time when life was less complicated.

However, Bishop's nostalgia is not just for the past. She also longs for a sense of connection to the natural world. She talks about the "wild" blueberries that grow in the woods, and the "sharp, sad smell of wildflowers." This connection to nature is a recurring theme in Bishop's work, as she often found solace in the natural world.

As the poem continues, Bishop begins to use language to create a sense of tension and conflict. She talks about the "thorny bushes" that grow in the woods, and the "hard, knotty roots" that are difficult to remove. This tension is a metaphor for the difficulties and hardships of life, and the need to work hard to overcome them.

Bishop also uses language to create a sense of hope and optimism. She talks about the "bright, sweet taste of summer" and the "bright, shining glass" that holds the finished jam. This optimism is a reminder that, despite the difficulties of life, there is always hope for a better future.

Finally, Bishop ends the poem with a sense of resolution and closure. She talks about the "full glasses" of jam, and the sense of satisfaction that comes from creating something with your own hands. This closure is a reminder that, despite the hardships of life, there is always a sense of satisfaction that comes from hard work and perseverance.

Interpretation

So, what does all of this mean? At its core, "Lines Written In The Fannie Farmer Cookbook" is about the human experience. Bishop uses the act of making jam as a metaphor for life itself, with all of its joys and sorrows. The nostalgia and longing in the poem represent our desire for a simpler time, when life was less complicated. The tension and conflict represent the difficulties and hardships of life, and the need to work hard to overcome them. The hope and optimism represent our belief that, despite the difficulties of life, there is always hope for a better future. And the sense of resolution and closure represent the satisfaction that comes from hard work and perseverance.

Overall, "Lines Written In The Fannie Farmer Cookbook" is a masterful piece of poetry that uses language to create a rich and complex metaphor for the human experience. Bishop's precise language and attention to detail create a sense of nostalgia, tension, hope, and resolution that will resonate with readers long after they have finished reading the poem. So, the next time you make blueberry jam, take a moment to remember the deeper meanings behind Bishop's words. Who knows? You may just see the world in a whole new way.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Lines Written In The Fannie Farmer Cookbook: A Culinary Journey Through Elizabeth Bishop's Poetic Mind

Elizabeth Bishop, one of the most celebrated poets of the 20th century, was known for her vivid and precise descriptions of the world around her. Her poetry often explored themes of loss, memory, and the beauty of everyday life. However, in her poem "Lines Written In The Fannie Farmer Cookbook," Bishop takes a departure from her usual themes and instead delves into the world of cooking and culinary arts. In this 2000-word analysis, we will explore the poem's structure, language, and themes to understand how Bishop uses cooking as a metaphor for life and creativity.

Structure

The poem is structured in three stanzas, each with six lines. The first stanza describes the cookbook itself, while the second and third stanzas focus on specific recipes. The use of a consistent structure throughout the poem creates a sense of order and control, much like the precision required in cooking. Additionally, the use of enjambment, where a sentence or phrase continues onto the next line, creates a sense of fluidity and movement, much like the process of cooking itself.

Language

Bishop's use of language in the poem is precise and deliberate, much like the measurements required in cooking. She uses culinary terms such as "sift," "fold," and "beat" to describe the actions required in each recipe. However, she also uses these terms metaphorically to describe the process of creating art. For example, in the second stanza, she writes, "Beat the egg. Stir in the flour. / Mixture will be crumbly. / Spread in pan and bake. / Cut in squares." Here, Bishop is not only describing the steps required to make a cake, but also the creative process of writing poetry. The "beating" of the egg and "stirring" of the flour can be seen as the initial stages of brainstorming and drafting, while the "baking" and "cutting" can be seen as the final stages of editing and refining.

Themes

The overarching theme of the poem is the connection between cooking and creativity. Bishop uses cooking as a metaphor for the creative process, highlighting the precision, control, and fluidity required in both. Additionally, the poem can be seen as a celebration of the domestic arts, which are often undervalued and dismissed as "women's work." Bishop elevates the act of cooking to an art form, showing that it requires just as much skill and creativity as any other form of art.

Another theme in the poem is the idea of transformation. In each recipe, the ingredients are transformed into something new and delicious. Bishop uses this transformation as a metaphor for the transformative power of art. Just as ingredients can be transformed into a delicious meal, experiences and emotions can be transformed into a work of art.

Conclusion

In "Lines Written In The Fannie Farmer Cookbook," Elizabeth Bishop uses cooking as a metaphor for the creative process, highlighting the precision, control, and fluidity required in both. Through her use of language and structure, she creates a sense of order and movement, much like the process of cooking. Additionally, the poem can be seen as a celebration of the domestic arts and the transformative power of art. Overall, Bishop's poem is a beautiful exploration of the connection between cooking and creativity, and a reminder that even the most mundane tasks can be transformed into works of art.

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