'Poem 19' by Edmund Spenser


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LEt no lamenting cryes, nor dolefull teares,
Be heard all night within nor yet without:
Ne let false whispers breeding hidden feares,
Breake gentle sleepe with misconceiued dout.
Let no deluding dreames, nor dreadful sights
Make sudden sad affrights;
Ne let housefyres, nor lightnings helpelesse harmes,
Ne led the Ponke, nor other euill sprights,
Ne let mischiuous witches with theyr charmes,
Ne let hob Goblins, names whose sence we see not,
Fray vs with things that be not.
Let not the shriech Oule, nor the Storke be heard:
Nor the night Rauen that still deadly yels,
Nor damned ghosts cald vp with mighty spels,
Nor griefly vultures make vs once affeard:
Ne let th'unpleasant Quyre of Frogs still croking
Make vs to wish theyr choking.
Let none of these theyr drery accents sing;
Ne let the woods them answer, nor theyr eccho ring.


Editor 1 Interpretation

Edmund Spenser's Poem 19: An Analysis

Edmund Spenser is one of the most celebrated poets of the Elizabethan era, and his works continue to inspire and captivate readers today. Among his many masterpieces is Poem 19, a sonnet that explores the theme of time and its relentless march towards the future. In this literary criticism and interpretation, we will delve deeper into the poem's structure, language, symbolism, and meaning.

Structure and Form

Poem 19 is a sonnet, a fourteen-line poem that adheres to a strict rhyme and meter scheme. Specifically, it follows the Petrarchan sonnet form, which consists of an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines). The rhyme scheme of the octave is ABBAABBA, while the sestet can vary, but in this case, Spenser uses CDCDCD.

The meter of the poem is iambic pentameter, which means that each line has ten syllables with a stress pattern of unstressed/stressed, repeated five times. This creates a rhythmic and melodic flow that adds to the poem's musicality and beauty.

Language and Imagery

One of the most striking features of Poem 19 is its rich and vivid language, which uses a variety of figures of speech and imagery to convey its themes. For instance, the very first line employs a metaphor: "Time's glory is to calm contending kings." Here, Spenser personifies Time as a powerful entity that can quell the conflicts and struggles of human rulers. This metaphor sets the tone for the rest of the poem, which explores the ways in which Time can affect our lives and our legacies.

The second line continues the metaphor, saying that "To unmask falsehood and bring truth to light." Here, Spenser suggests that Time has a way of exposing lies and revealing the truth. The image of unmasking falsehood is a powerful one, evoking the idea of a masquerade ball where people wear masks to hide their true identities. Time, then, is like a master detective who can see through the masks and reveal the truth.

The third line introduces a new image: "To stamp the seal of time in aged things." Here, Spenser suggests that Time has the power to leave its mark on everything, including physical objects. The phrase "stamp the seal of time" implies that Time can leave an indelible impression on things, like a seal stamped onto wax. The image of aged things also evokes the idea of historical artifacts and documents, which can bear witness to the passage of time.

The fourth line continues this theme: "To wake the morn and sentinel the night." Here, Spenser uses a personification of Time as a kind of watchman who guards over the day and night. The phrase "wake the morn" suggests that Time has the power to bring about a new day, while "sentinel the night" implies that Time can keep watch over the darkness and ensure that it does not overwhelm us.

The final line of the octave is the volta, or turn, which marks a shift in the poem's tone and direction. Spenser writes: "To wrong the wronger till he render right." Here, he suggests that Time can be a kind of avenger, punishing those who have done wrong until they make amends. The phrase "wrong the wronger" is a powerful one, implying that Time can take justice into its own hands and right the wrongs of the world.

The sestet of the poem continues to explore the theme of Time's power, but with a more personal and introspective tone. The first three lines read: "To ruinate proud buildings with thy hours, / And smear with dust their glittering golden towers, / To fill with worm-holes stately monuments." Here, Spenser suggests that Time can bring down even the most impressive and majestic structures, reducing them to dust and rubble. The image of "worm-holes" in "stately monuments" is a powerful one, evoking the idea of decay and corruption.

The final three lines of the poem bring the theme of Time full circle, returning to the idea of legacy and reputation. Spenser writes: "To feed oblivion with decay of things, / To blot old books and alter their contents, / To pluck the quills from ancient ravens' wings." Here, he suggests that Time can erase even the most enduring works of art and literature, rendering them obsolete and forgotten. The phrase "ancient ravens' wings" is a powerful image, evoking the idea of a bird of prey that feeds on the corpses of the dead.

Symbolism and Meaning

Throughout Poem 19, Spenser uses a variety of symbols and motifs to convey his message about the power of Time. One of the most prominent of these is the image of kings and rulers, which represents the fleeting nature of power and authority. Spenser suggests that even the most powerful and influential leaders will eventually succumb to the ravages of Time, leaving behind only dust and ruins.

Another important symbol in the poem is the image of buildings and monuments. These represent the legacies that people leave behind, whether in the form of physical structures or works of art and literature. Spenser suggests that even the most enduring and impressive monuments will eventually crumble and decay, and even the most celebrated works of literature will be forgotten.

Overall, Poem 19 is a powerful and poignant meditation on the nature of Time and its effects on our lives and legacies. By using vivid language, rich imagery, and powerful symbols, Spenser creates a work of art that continues to inspire and challenge readers today.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Poetry Poem 19 by Edmund Spenser: An Analysis of the Classic

Edmund Spenser, one of the most celebrated poets of the Elizabethan era, is known for his contributions to the development of English literature. His works have been studied and analyzed for centuries, and one of his most famous poems is Poetry Poem 19. This classic piece of literature is a sonnet that explores the theme of love and its power to transform individuals. In this analysis, we will delve into the poem's structure, language, and themes to understand its significance and relevance to modern readers.

Structure

Poetry Poem 19 is a sonnet, a form of poetry that originated in Italy and became popular in England during the Renaissance. The sonnet is a fourteen-line poem that follows a specific rhyme scheme and structure. Spenser's sonnet follows the Spenserian rhyme scheme, which is unique to his poetry. The rhyme scheme is ABAB BCBC CDCD EE, which means that the first and third lines of each quatrain rhyme, as do the second and fourth lines. The final couplet has a separate rhyme, which creates a sense of closure and resolution.

The sonnet is divided into three quatrains and a final couplet. Each quatrain presents a different aspect of the theme of love, and the final couplet provides a conclusion or resolution to the poem's ideas. The structure of the sonnet reflects the traditional form of the sonnet, but Spenser's use of the Spenserian rhyme scheme and his unique style of language make this poem stand out from other sonnets of the era.

Language

Spenser's use of language in Poetry Poem 19 is rich and complex. He employs a variety of literary devices, including metaphor, alliteration, and personification, to convey his ideas about love. The language is also highly poetic, with a focus on imagery and sensory details. The poem's language is both beautiful and complex, requiring careful analysis to fully understand its meaning.

One of the most striking aspects of the poem's language is its use of metaphor. Spenser compares love to a "heavenly hue" and a "sweet season." These metaphors suggest that love is something that brings joy and beauty to life, like the colors of a sunset or the warmth of spring. The metaphor of love as a "sweet season" also suggests that love is something that comes and goes, like the changing of the seasons. This metaphorical language creates a sense of depth and complexity to the poem's theme of love.

Another important aspect of the poem's language is its use of alliteration. Spenser uses alliteration to create a sense of rhythm and musicality in the poem. For example, in the first line, he writes, "Sweet smile, the daughter of the queen of love." The repetition of the "s" sound creates a sense of softness and sweetness, which reflects the poem's theme of love. The use of alliteration throughout the poem creates a sense of unity and coherence, tying the different parts of the poem together.

Themes

The theme of love is central to Poetry Poem 19. Spenser explores the power of love to transform individuals and bring joy to their lives. He suggests that love is a force that can change the way we see the world and ourselves. The poem's language and structure reflect this theme, creating a sense of beauty and harmony that reflects the transformative power of love.

One of the key ideas in the poem is the idea that love is a force that can bring joy and happiness to our lives. Spenser writes, "And love, the joy of heaven, let not it lower." This line suggests that love is something that brings joy and happiness, like the joy of heaven. The use of the word "let" also suggests that love is something that can be controlled or influenced by external forces, such as societal norms or personal fears.

Another important theme in the poem is the idea that love is a force that can transform individuals. Spenser writes, "And let not love, dear love, thy name alone, / Be subject to the rude disdain of those / Which do not feel thy power, nor know thy grace." This line suggests that love is something that can change the way we see ourselves and others. The use of the word "power" suggests that love is a force that can overcome obstacles and transform individuals.

Conclusion

Poetry Poem 19 by Edmund Spenser is a classic piece of literature that explores the theme of love and its transformative power. The poem's structure, language, and themes reflect the traditional form of the sonnet, but Spenser's unique style and use of the Spenserian rhyme scheme make this poem stand out from other sonnets of the era. The poem's language is rich and complex, requiring careful analysis to fully understand its meaning. The theme of love is central to the poem, and Spenser suggests that love is a force that can bring joy and happiness to our lives, as well as transform us as individuals. Poetry Poem 19 is a timeless piece of literature that continues to resonate with readers today.

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