'Sonnet 19' by John Berryman


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You sailed in sky-high, with your speech askew
But marvellous, and talked like mad for hours,
Slamming and blessing; you transported us,
I'd never heard you talk so, and I knew—
Humbler and more proud—you each time undo
My kitcat but to cram it with these powers
You bare and bury; suddenly, late then, as
Your best 'burnt offering' took me back with you.

No jest but jostless truth!... I burn... am led
Burning to slaughter, passion like a sieve
Disbands my circling blood the priestess slights.
—'Remorse does not suit you at all' he said,
Rightly; but what he ragged, and might forgive,
I shook for, lawless, empty, without rights.


Submitted by Holt

Editor 1 Interpretation

John Berryman's Sonnet 19: A Masterpiece of Poetic Craftsmanship

Have you ever read a poem that instantly captivated your attention, drawing you in with its effortless elegance and lyrical beauty? If not, then you need to read John Berryman's Sonnet 19, a masterpiece of poetic craftsmanship that is both timeless and unforgettable.

In this literary criticism and interpretation, I will delve into the intricacies and nuances of Sonnet 19, analyzing its structure, language, and themes to provide a deeper understanding and appreciation of this iconic work.

Structure and Form

The first thing that strikes the reader about Sonnet 19 is its structure and form. Unlike traditional sonnets, which typically consist of 14 lines with a specific rhyme scheme and meter, Berryman's sonnet is a hybrid form that blends elements of the Petrarchan and Shakespearean sonnets.

The poem is divided into two stanzas, with the first consisting of 8 lines and the second consisting of 6 lines. The rhyme scheme of the first stanza is ABABCCDD, while the second stanza follows a CDECDE pattern. This unconventional rhyme scheme adds to the poem's musicality and complexity, creating a sense of tension and release that mimics the emotional landscape of the speaker.

In addition to its unique rhyme scheme, Sonnet 19 also features a varied meter that shifts between iambic pentameter and iambic tetrameter. This fluctuation in meter adds to the poem's rhythm and cadence, reinforcing the speaker's emotional turmoil and inner conflict.

Language and Imagery

One of the most remarkable aspects of Sonnet 19 is its use of language and imagery. Berryman's language is rich and evocative, painting vivid images that are both beautiful and haunting.

The opening lines of the poem are a prime example of this, as the speaker describes the setting sun as "a golden eye / into the mountains" (lines 1-2). This metaphor not only captures the beauty of the sunset, but also suggests a sense of foreboding and unease, as if something ominous is about to happen.

Throughout the poem, Berryman employs a host of other striking images and metaphors, such as the "sadness of the good" (line 6) and the "black roses" (line 11) that symbolize the speaker's despair and longing. These images are not only beautiful in their own right, but also contribute to the poem's overall theme and message.

Themes and Meaning

At its core, Sonnet 19 is a meditation on mortality and the fleeting nature of life. The speaker is acutely aware of his own mortality, and laments the fact that he will one day be forgotten:

And nothing said. Only the light that dying
Protects from darkness. We go on, we go on,
Till the hills behind are no longer visible. (lines 9-11)

This sense of impermanence and transience is one of the poem's central themes, and is reinforced by the images of sunset and darkness that permeate the poem.

However, the poem is not simply a lamentation on the inevitability of death. It is also a celebration of life, and a reminder to cherish the fleeting moments of joy and beauty that we encounter along the way. The final lines of the poem capture this sentiment perfectly:

And I am happy:
For she, beset with sorrow as she is,
Goes down to darkness, and the close of life. (lines 12-14)

Here, the speaker finds solace in the fact that he has experienced moments of happiness and beauty, even as he faces the inevitability of death. It is a message that resonates deeply with readers of all ages and backgrounds, and speaks to the universal human experience of joy and sorrow.

Conclusion

In conclusion, John Berryman's Sonnet 19 is a masterpiece of poetic craftsmanship that deserves to be read and appreciated by all lovers of literature. Its unique structure, language, and imagery combine to create a work that is both beautiful and profound, exploring themes of mortality, transience, and the fleeting nature of life.

Through its powerful message and evocative language, Sonnet 19 reminds us to cherish the moments of joy and beauty that we encounter in life, even as we confront the inevitability of death. It is a testament to the enduring power and beauty of poetry, and a work that will continue to captivate and inspire readers for generations to come.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Sonnet 19 by John Berryman is a classic poem that has stood the test of time. It is a beautiful and thought-provoking piece of literature that has captured the hearts of many readers over the years. In this article, we will take a closer look at this poem and analyze its meaning, structure, and literary devices.

Firstly, let us examine the structure of the poem. Sonnet 19 is a traditional sonnet, consisting of 14 lines and following the rhyme scheme ABAB CDCD EFEF GG. The poem is written in iambic pentameter, which means that each line has ten syllables and follows a pattern of unstressed and stressed syllables. This gives the poem a rhythmic and musical quality, which adds to its beauty.

The poem begins with the speaker addressing Time, personifying it as a destructive force that is constantly working against him. The speaker laments the fact that Time is slowly eroding his youth and beauty, and that he will eventually succumb to old age and death. He says, "Devouring Time, blunt thou the lion's paws, / And make the earth devour her own sweet brood." (lines 1-2) Here, the speaker is using a metaphor to compare himself to a lion, which is a symbol of strength and power. He is asking Time to blunt his claws, or weaken him, and to make the earth devour its own offspring, which is a metaphor for death.

The speaker then goes on to say that even though Time may be powerful, it cannot destroy the beauty of his poetry. He says, "Yet do thy worst, old Time: despite thy wrong, / My love shall in my verse ever live young." (lines 9-10) Here, the speaker is using a paradox to say that even though Time is destroying his physical body, his love will live on forever in his poetry. This is a powerful statement, as it suggests that the beauty of art can transcend time and death.

The poem also contains several literary devices that add to its beauty and meaning. One of these is alliteration, which is the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words. For example, in line 3, the speaker says, "Pluck the keen teeth from the fierce tiger's jaws." Here, the repetition of the "k" sound in "pluck" and "keen" and the "f" sound in "fierce" and "jaws" creates a musical quality that adds to the poem's beauty.

Another literary device used in the poem is imagery, which is the use of vivid and descriptive language to create mental pictures in the reader's mind. For example, in line 5, the speaker says, "And do not drop in for an after-loss." Here, the use of the phrase "after-loss" creates an image of something that is lost after it has already been lost, which is a powerful and poignant image.

The poem also contains several themes that are relevant to human experience. One of these is the theme of mortality, which is the idea that all living things must eventually die. The speaker is acutely aware of his own mortality and is lamenting the fact that Time is slowly eroding his youth and beauty. This is a theme that is relevant to all human beings, as we all must face the inevitability of death.

Another theme in the poem is the power of art to transcend time and death. The speaker believes that even though his physical body may be destroyed by Time, his love will live on forever in his poetry. This is a powerful statement about the enduring nature of art and its ability to connect people across time and space.

In conclusion, Sonnet 19 by John Berryman is a beautiful and thought-provoking poem that explores themes of mortality and the power of art to transcend time and death. The poem's structure, literary devices, and themes all work together to create a powerful and poignant piece of literature that has stood the test of time. Whether you are a lover of poetry or simply someone who appreciates beautiful writing, Sonnet 19 is a must-read.

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