'Solomon To Sheba' by William Butler Yeats


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Sang Solomon to Sheba,
And kissed her dusky face,
'All day long from mid-day
We have talked in the one place,
All day long from shadowless noon
We have gone round and round
In the narrow theme of love
Like a old horse in a pound.'

To Solomon sang Sheba,
Plated on his knees,
'If you had broached a matter
That might the learned please,
You had before the sun had thrown
Our shadows on the ground
Discovered that my thoughts, not it,
Are but a narrow pound.'

Said Solomon to Sheba,
And kissed her Arab eyes,
'There's not a man or woman
Born under the skies
Dare match in learning with us two,
And all day long we have found
There's not a thing but love can make
The world a narrow pound.'

Editor 1 Interpretation

Solomon To Sheba: A Literary Criticism

William Butler Yeats is one of the greatest poets of the modern era. His works, which span a wide range of themes and subjects, are characterized by their intricate language and complex imagery. Among his most celebrated works is the poem "Solomon To Sheba," which was published in 1899 in his collection of poems, "The Wind Among the Reeds." The poem is a retelling of the story of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, an ancient tale from the Bible and the Quran. In this literary criticism, we will explore the poem's themes, structure, and imagery, and examine how Yeats uses these elements to create a powerful and evocative work of art.

Historical Background

Before we delve into the poem's themes and structure, it is important to understand the historical context that inspired Yeats to write "Solomon To Sheba." The story of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba is a popular one in both Jewish and Islamic traditions. According to the Bible, the Queen of Sheba was a wealthy and powerful ruler who traveled to Jerusalem to meet with King Solomon and test his wisdom. The two rulers engaged in a series of intellectual debates and exchanges, and the Queen was so impressed with Solomon's wisdom and wealth that she gifted him with many treasures before returning to her own country.

Yeats was fascinated by the story of Solomon and Sheba and saw it as a metaphor for the relationship between the spiritual and physical worlds. In his poem, he explores the themes of love, desire, and spirituality, and uses the story of Solomon and Sheba as a way to explore these themes in a modern context.

Themes

One of the central themes of "Solomon To Sheba" is the relationship between the spiritual and physical worlds. Yeats was deeply interested in the occult and mystical traditions, and his works often reflect this interest. In the poem, he presents a vision of love that transcends the physical and enters into the realm of the spiritual. Solomon and Sheba's love is not just a physical attraction, but a deep and profound connection that exists on a spiritual level.

Another theme that runs throughout the poem is the idea of power and control. Solomon is presented as a powerful and wise ruler, while Sheba is depicted as a beautiful and sensual queen. Their relationship is one of equals, but there is also an underlying power dynamic at play. Solomon is in control of the situation, using his wisdom and wealth to impress Sheba and win her over. However, Sheba is not a passive participant in the relationship; she is fully aware of her own power and uses it to test Solomon's wisdom.

Finally, the poem explores the themes of desire and longing. Both Solomon and Sheba are consumed by their desire for each other, and this desire is presented as a powerful force that transcends the boundaries of the physical world. Yeats uses vivid imagery and language to convey the intensity of this desire, creating a sense of longing and yearning that permeates the entire poem.

Structure

"Solomon To Sheba" is a complex and intricate poem that utilizes a variety of poetic techniques to create a rich and nuanced work of art. The poem is divided into three sections, each of which explores a different aspect of the relationship between Solomon and Sheba.

The first section begins with Solomon addressing Sheba, describing his wealth and wisdom and inviting her to come and see for herself. He presents himself as a powerful and wise ruler, using his words to impress and persuade Sheba to come to him. The section ends with Sheba agreeing to visit Solomon, setting the stage for the rest of the poem.

The second section of the poem is a dialogue between Solomon and Sheba. They engage in a series of intellectual debates and exchanges, with each trying to outdo the other. The language is rich and evocative, with Yeats using vivid imagery and metaphors to convey the intensity of their interaction. This section of the poem is the heart of the work and is where Yeats explores the themes of power, desire, and spirituality in the most depth.

The final section of the poem is a reflection on the relationship between Solomon and Sheba. Yeats presents a vision of their love that transcends the physical and enters into the realm of the spiritual. He uses language that is both beautiful and mystical, creating a sense of awe and wonder that is deeply moving.

Imagery

One of the most striking features of "Solomon To Sheba" is Yeats' use of vivid and evocative imagery. Throughout the poem, he employs a wide range of metaphors and symbols to convey the intensity of the relationship between Solomon and Sheba.

One of the most powerful images in the poem is that of the rose. Yeats uses the rose as a symbol of love and desire, presenting it as a beautiful but fragile flower that can be easily destroyed if not properly cared for. The rose serves as a metaphor for the relationship between Solomon and Sheba, which is both beautiful and fragile and requires careful attention to thrive.

Another striking image in the poem is that of the peacock. Yeats uses the peacock as a symbol of power and wealth, presenting it as a regal bird that is associated with royalty and luxury. By using the peacock in this way, Yeats is able to convey the grandeur and majesty of Solomon's kingdom, as well as the power dynamic that exists between him and Sheba.

Finally, Yeats uses the imagery of the desert to convey the sense of longing and yearning that permeates the entire poem. The desert is a symbol of emptiness and desolation, and Yeats uses it to convey the sense of isolation and longing that both Solomon and Sheba feel for each other. The desert becomes a metaphor for the spiritual emptiness that can only be filled by love.

Conclusion

"Solomon To Sheba" is a powerful and evocative poem that explores a wide range of themes and subjects. Yeats employs a variety of poetic techniques, including vivid imagery and complex language, to create a work of art that is both beautiful and profound. Through the story of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, he is able to explore the relationship between the spiritual and physical worlds, as well as themes of power, desire, and longing. The result is a deeply moving work of art that continues to resonate with readers more than a century after it was first published.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Solomon To Sheba: A Poem of Love, Power, and Wisdom

William Butler Yeats is one of the most celebrated poets of the 20th century, known for his lyrical and mystical style that explores themes of love, nature, and spirituality. Among his many works, one of the most intriguing and enigmatic is the poem "Solomon To Sheba," which tells the story of the legendary king of Israel and his encounter with the queen of Sheba. In this essay, we will delve into the meaning and significance of this classic poem, exploring its themes, symbols, and historical context.

The poem begins with a vivid description of the setting, as Solomon, the wise and powerful king, sits on his throne in his palace, surrounded by his courtiers and servants. The scene is one of opulence and grandeur, with gold and jewels glittering in the light, and the air filled with the scent of exotic spices and perfumes. Yet, despite his wealth and power, Solomon is restless and unsatisfied, longing for something more:

"Solomon sighed and held his chin, His heavy-lidded eyes went dim, But he was still the throne's delight."

This opening stanza sets the tone for the rest of the poem, as it establishes the central conflict between Solomon's worldly power and his spiritual yearning. Despite his wisdom and wealth, he feels a sense of emptiness and longing that cannot be satisfied by material possessions or earthly pleasures. This theme of the tension between the material and the spiritual is a common one in Yeats' poetry, reflecting his interest in the occult and mystical traditions of the East and the West.

The next stanza introduces the character of Sheba, the queen of a distant land, who has heard of Solomon's fame and wisdom and comes to visit him. She is described as a woman of great beauty and grace, with a regal bearing and a voice that is "like a silver bell." Her arrival at Solomon's court is a moment of great anticipation and excitement, as everyone is eager to see this exotic and mysterious queen:

"The courtiers clapped their hands in glee, The King's heart danced upon his knee, And Sheba bowed before the throne."

Here, we see the contrast between Solomon's inner turmoil and the outward display of his power and authority. He may be restless and dissatisfied, but he is still the king, and his courtiers and subjects look up to him with awe and admiration. Sheba, on the other hand, represents a different kind of power, one that is based on beauty, charm, and charisma. She is a queen in her own right, and her visit to Solomon's court is a meeting of equals, despite the difference in their status and wealth.

The third stanza is where the poem takes a more mystical turn, as Solomon and Sheba engage in a dialogue that is both romantic and philosophical. Sheba asks Solomon to share his wisdom with her, and he responds by saying that his wisdom is not something that can be easily explained or taught:

"My wisdom is but what a stone Has heard or haply what a throne When ivory's leg has drowsed and slept."

This enigmatic response reflects the idea that true wisdom cannot be learned from books or teachers, but must be discovered through experience and intuition. Solomon's wisdom is not something that can be easily shared or transmitted, but must be earned through a lifetime of contemplation and reflection.

Sheba, however, is not satisfied with this answer, and she challenges Solomon to prove his wisdom by performing a feat of magic. She asks him to summon the spirits of the air and the sea, and to make them do her bidding. Solomon agrees to this challenge, and he uses his mystical powers to command the elements and the creatures of the earth:

"He called the spirits of the air, And demons of the earth and sea, And bade them serve the Queen of Sheba."

This scene is one of the most striking and memorable in the poem, as it showcases Solomon's supernatural abilities and his mastery over the forces of nature. It also highlights the theme of power, as Solomon uses his wisdom and magic to impress and seduce Sheba, and to assert his dominance over the natural world.

The final stanza of the poem is where the true meaning and message of the poem become clear. After Solomon has demonstrated his power and wisdom, Sheba asks him to share his love with her, and he responds by saying that his love is not something that can be easily given or received:

"My love is but a stone's throw there, Across the road, on yonder hill."

This response is both poignant and profound, as it suggests that love, like wisdom, is something that cannot be possessed or controlled, but must be sought after and earned. Solomon may be a king and a magician, but he is also a human being, with all the frailties and limitations that come with that condition. His love for Sheba is not something that can be bought or traded, but must be earned through mutual respect, understanding, and compassion.

In conclusion, "Solomon To Sheba" is a poem that explores some of the most fundamental themes of human existence, such as love, power, wisdom, and spirituality. Through its vivid imagery, mystical symbolism, and lyrical language, it invites us to reflect on our own lives and the meaning of our existence. It reminds us that true wisdom and love are not things that can be easily acquired or possessed, but must be earned through a lifetime of contemplation, experience, and self-discovery. And it suggests that, despite our differences in culture, religion, and nationality, we are all united by our common humanity, and our shared longing for meaning, purpose, and connection.

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