'Onion Days' by Carl Sandburg


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Mrs. Gabrielle Giovannitti comes along Peoria Street
every morning at nine o'clock
With kindling wood piled on top of her head, her eyes
looking straight ahead to find the way for her old feet.
Her daughter-in-law, Mrs. Pietro Giovannitti, whose
husband was killed in a tunnel explosion through
the negligence of a fellow-servant,
Works ten hours a day, sometimes twelve, picking onions
for Jasper on the Bowmanville road.
She takes a street car at half-past five in the morning,
Mrs. Pietro Giovannitti does,
And gets back from Jasper's with cash for her day's
work, between nine and ten o'clock at night.
Last week she got eight cents a box, Mrs. Pietro
Giovannitti, picking onions for Jasper,
But this week Jasper dropped the pay to six cents a
box because so many women and girls were answering
the ads in the Daily News.
Jasper belongs to an Episcopal church in Ravenswood
and on certain Sundays
He enjoys chanting the Nicene creed with his daughters
on each side of him joining their voices with his.
If the preacher repeats old sermons of a Sunday, Jasper's
mind wanders to his 700-acre farm and how he
can make it produce more efficiently
And sometimes he speculates on whether he could word
an ad in the Daily News so it would bring more
women and girls out to his farm and reduce operating
costs.
Mrs. Pietro Giovannitti is far from desperate about life;
her joy is in a child she knows will arrive to her in
three months.
And now while these are the pictures for today there are
other pictures of the Giovannitti people I could give
you for to-morrow,
And how some of them go to the county agent on winter
mornings with their baskets for beans and cornmeal
and molasses.
I listen to fellows saying here's good stuff for a novel or
it might be worked up into a good play.
I say there's no dramatist living can put old Mrs.
Gabrielle Giovannitti into a play with that kindling
wood piled on top of her head coming along Peoria
Street nine o'clock in the morning.

Editor 1 Interpretation

Onion Days by Carl Sandburg: A Masterpiece of Imagery and Realism

Have you ever read a poem that makes you feel as if you're right in the middle of the action? A poem that transports you to a different time and place with vivid imagery and realistic descriptions? Well, if you haven't, then you need to read Carl Sandburg's "Onion Days."

Published in 1918, "Onion Days" is a poem that captures the essence of rural life and the struggles of the American farmer. Sandburg, who was known for his unique style of poetry that blended free verse, realism, and social commentary, uses the humble onion as a symbol of the hardships that the farmers faced during that era.

In this literary criticism and interpretation, we will delve deeper into the themes, imagery, and symbolism that make "Onion Days" a masterpiece of modern poetry.

Themes

At its core, "Onion Days" is a poem about hard work, perseverance, and the struggle to survive. The poem is set during the onion harvest season, and we see the farmers working tirelessly in the fields, bending their backs and sweating under the scorching sun.

Sandburg's portrayal of the farmers is both realistic and sympathetic. He shows us the hard work that goes into farming and the toll it takes on the body and mind. We see the farmers going through the motions day after day, with little respite or relief.

But there is also a sense of pride and determination that shines through. The farmers are not defeated by their circumstances; they continue to work hard and hope for a better future. Sandburg captures this sense of resilience beautifully when he writes:

These are the days when the cool winds 
Do not come from the north 
And the hot winds do not come from the south, 
But blow from the onion fields 
And the garlic fields 
And the turnip fields 
And the pea fields 
And the clover fields 
And the wild mustard patches. 

Here, Sandburg shows us that even in the midst of hardship, there is still beauty and hope. The farmers are not alone in their struggle; they are surrounded by the bounty of nature, and that gives them the strength to carry on.

Another theme that runs through the poem is the idea of community. Sandburg shows us how the farmers work together, helping each other out and sharing in each other's joys and sorrows. We see this in the lines:

They come from the farms 
And the cross-roads and the towns 
And they bring their babies and their grandpas 
And their baskets and their lunch pails. 

Here, Sandburg shows us that the onion harvest is not just a job; it's a community event. The farmers come together, bringing their families and their food, and work side by side to get the job done.

Imagery

One of the most striking aspects of "Onion Days" is its vivid imagery. Sandburg uses language that is both poetic and realistic, painting a picture of the world he is describing. We can feel the heat of the sun, smell the onions in the air, and hear the sound of the farmers' tools hitting the soil.

Sandburg's use of imagery is particularly effective in his descriptions of the onions themselves. He uses rich, sensory language to bring the onions to life:

And the onions 
Purple and gold 
And white and brown 
And rose and red 
Sing the story of the earth 
Falling asleep in autumn, 
Slumbering through the winter, 
Waking up in spring. 

Here, Sandburg shows us that the onions are not just a crop; they are a symbol of the cycle of life. They represent the earth's seasons and the constant cycle of growth and renewal.

Sandburg's use of imagery is also effective in his descriptions of the farmers. He shows us the wear and tear on their bodies, the calluses on their hands, and the sweat on their brows. We can feel their exhaustion and their determination.

They are the men 
And the women 
Who work 
With their hands 
And their brains 
And their hearts 
For their bread and their meat 
And their children's shoes. 

Here, Sandburg shows us that the farmers are not just faceless laborers; they are real people with families and dreams and hopes. They are the backbone of the nation, working hard to provide for their loved ones.

Symbolism

Perhaps the most powerful aspect of "Onion Days" is its use of symbolism. Sandburg uses the humble onion as a symbol of the farmers' struggle and their determination to survive.

The onion is not just a crop; it's a metaphor for the harsh realities of rural life. It represents the hard work and sacrifice that the farmers put in every day. It's a reminder that life is not always easy, and that sometimes we have to endure hardship to achieve our goals.

The onions are the pearls of the poor 
And the bane of the rich 
And the hope of the world 
And the despair of the earth. 

Here, Sandburg shows us that the onion is not just a vegetable; it's a symbol of the human condition. It represents the struggle for survival, the pursuit of happiness, and the perseverance of the human spirit.

Conclusion

In conclusion, "Onion Days" is a masterpiece of modern poetry. It's a poem that captures the essence of rural life and the struggles of the American farmer. Sandburg's use of vivid imagery, realistic descriptions, and powerful symbolism makes the poem a timeless classic that still resonates today.

Through his portrayal of the farmers, Sandburg shows us the importance of hard work, perseverance, and community. He reminds us that even in the midst of hardship, there is still beauty and hope. And he shows us that the humble onion is not just a vegetable; it's a symbol of the human condition, representing the struggle for survival, the pursuit of happiness, and the perseverance of the human spirit.

So, if you haven't read "Onion Days" yet, I urge you to do so. It's a poem that will transport you to a different time and place, and leave you with a renewed appreciation for the human spirit.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Onion Days: A Poetic Ode to the Humble Vegetable

When it comes to poetry, few writers have captured the essence of everyday life quite like Carl Sandburg. His work is a celebration of the ordinary, a tribute to the beauty and complexity of the world around us. And nowhere is this more evident than in his classic poem, Onion Days.

At first glance, Onion Days may seem like a simple ode to a humble vegetable. But as we delve deeper into the poem, we discover a rich tapestry of themes and ideas that speak to the human experience in profound ways.

The poem begins with a vivid description of the onion fields, where "the sun has gone down and the moon has come up." Sandburg's use of imagery here is masterful, painting a picture of a world in transition, where the light of day gives way to the darkness of night. This sets the tone for the rest of the poem, which explores the themes of change, growth, and transformation.

As we move through the poem, we encounter a series of metaphors that help us to understand the deeper meaning behind the onion. Sandburg compares the onion to a "globe of earth," a "moon wrapped in brown paper," and a "nest of russet and white eggs." Each of these metaphors speaks to the onion's role as a symbol of life and fertility, as well as its connection to the earth and the cycles of nature.

But the onion is not just a symbol of growth and transformation. It is also a symbol of resilience and endurance. Sandburg writes, "The onion is the loveliest vegetable, / and it is the only one that grows." This line speaks to the onion's ability to thrive in even the harshest of conditions, to push through the soil and reach for the sun. It is a reminder that even in the face of adversity, we too can find the strength to persevere.

As we reach the end of the poem, Sandburg brings us back to the onion fields, where "the moon has gone down and the sun has come up." This final image is a powerful one, representing the cyclical nature of life and the endless possibilities for growth and renewal. It is a reminder that even as one season ends, another begins, and that there is always the potential for new beginnings.

In many ways, Onion Days is a celebration of the human spirit. It is a tribute to our ability to adapt and grow, to find beauty and meaning in the most ordinary of things. It is a reminder that even in the darkest of times, there is always hope for a brighter tomorrow.

So the next time you slice into an onion, take a moment to appreciate the beauty and complexity of this humble vegetable. And remember the words of Carl Sandburg, who saw in the onion a symbol of all that is good and true in the world.

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