'The Ballet Of The Fifth Year' by Delmore Schwartz


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Where the sea gulls sleep or indeed where they fly
Is a place of different traffic. Although I
Consider the fishing bay (where I see them dip and curve
And purely glide) a place that weakens the nerve
Of will, and closes my eyes, as they should not be
(They should burn like the street-light all night quietly,
So that whatever is present will be known to me),
Nevertheless the gulls and the imagination
Of where they sleep, which comes to creation
In strict shape and color, from their dallying
Their wings slowly, and suddenly rallying
Over, up, down the arabesque of descent,
Is an old act enacted, my fabulous intent
When I skated, afraid of policemen, five years old,
In the winter sunset, sorrowful and cold,
Hardly attained to thought, but old enough to know
Such grace, so self-contained, was the best escape to know.

Editor 1 Interpretation

The Ballet of the Fifth Year: A Masterful Poem by Delmore Schwartz

Introduction

Delmore Schwartz’s The Ballet of the Fifth Year is a masterpiece of modern American poetry. Although it’s a short poem, running just 35 lines, it has an extraordinary depth of meaning and a powerful emotional resonance. This is a poem that requires close reading and careful interpretation, but it’s also one that rewards the effort. In this literary criticism and interpretation, I will explore the themes, imagery, and language of Schwartz’s poem, and try to unpack its rich symbolism and poetic techniques.

Themes and Imagery

At its core, The Ballet of the Fifth Year is a poem about the passage of time and the loss of innocence. The title itself refers to a ballet that the speaker attended when he was five years old – a moment of childhood wonder and delight that has stayed with him throughout his life. The poem opens with a description of this memory:

When I was six years old my mother
took me to a tent show revival
of the Baptist faith and there I saw
the weeping face of Jesus
and sang the spiritual choruses
and was frightened by the hellfire
and later terrified by the movies
of Charles Chaplin and Fritz Lang.

Here we see the speaker’s early exposure to religious fervor and cinematic artifice, which he later comes to associate with the loss of innocence and the corruption of childhood wonder. The poem then shifts to a scene of a ballet performance, where the speaker watches the dancers with a mixture of awe and sadness:

I saw the ballet when I was five
And danced to Tchaikovsky’s fourth
On the stage of the children’s theater
And in my second year of ballet
When I was eight and danced again
To the fourth of Tchaikovsky
And saw the faces of boys and girls
Shining with unabashed joy.

This scene captures the fleeting nature of childhood joy and the sense of loss that comes with growing up. The speaker remembers the joy and wonder of his early ballet performances, but he also knows that those moments are forever gone. He sees the faces of the other children “shining with unabashed joy,” but he can no longer share in that joy himself. The poem ends with a haunting image of a dying swan, which serves as a metaphor for the fragility and brevity of life:

And now I see the tragedy of the fifth year
Of youth, when the child is like a bud
About to bloom and yet at the same time
Already filled with the scent and poison
Of the flower. And now I see that tragedy
In the death of the swan, which is a part
Of the elegy for youth, played out
Near the rushes, the reeds of oblivion.

This image of the dying swan is both beautiful and tragic, symbolizing the beauty and fragility of youth and the inevitability of death. The “rushes” and “reeds” of oblivion suggest that the passage of time and the loss of innocence are part of a larger, natural cycle of life and death.

Language and Techniques

In addition to its powerful themes and imagery, The Ballet of the Fifth Year is also notable for its use of poetic techniques and language. One of the most striking features of the poem is its use of repetition, particularly in the repeated references to Tchaikovsky’s fourth symphony. This repetition serves to underscore the importance of this music to the speaker’s memories and emotions, and it also creates a sense of circularity and inevitability, as if the speaker is trapped in a cycle of joy and loss that keeps repeating itself.

Another notable feature of the poem is its use of imagery and metaphor. The image of the swan, for example, is a powerful and evocative metaphor for the fragility and beauty of youth, and it also links the poem to the larger tradition of literary and artistic works that have used the swan as a symbol of grace and elegance.

Finally, the language of the poem is both simple and elegant, with a clear and direct style that belies the complexity of its ideas and emotions. The poem’s straightforward language and structure make it accessible to a wide range of readers, while its emotional depth and poetic technique make it a work of enduring power and beauty.

Conclusion

In conclusion, The Ballet of the Fifth Year is a masterful poem that explores the themes of time, loss, and the passage of youth with great emotional depth and poetic technique. Through its use of imagery, metaphor, and repetition, the poem creates a powerful sense of nostalgia and regret, while also suggesting that the loss of innocence and the passage of time are part of a larger, natural cycle of life and death. This is a poem that rewards close reading and careful interpretation, and it is sure to resonate with readers of all ages and backgrounds.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

The Ballet of the Fifth Year: A Masterpiece of Modern Poetry

Delmore Schwartz's "The Ballet of the Fifth Year" is a masterpiece of modern poetry that captures the essence of childhood and the fleeting nature of time. Written in 1948, the poem is a nostalgic reflection on the poet's own childhood and the innocence and wonder that he experienced during that time. In this 2000-word analysis, we will explore the themes, structure, and language of this classic poem.

Themes

The central theme of "The Ballet of the Fifth Year" is the passage of time and the loss of innocence. The poem is a meditation on the fleeting nature of childhood and the inevitability of growing up. The poet uses the metaphor of a ballet to convey this theme, with the dancers representing the children who are caught up in the dance of life, moving inexorably towards adulthood.

The poem also explores the theme of memory and the power of the imagination to recreate the past. The poet uses vivid imagery and sensory details to evoke the sights, sounds, and smells of his childhood, transporting the reader back in time to experience the wonder and magic of that period.

Structure

"The Ballet of the Fifth Year" is a free-verse poem that consists of five stanzas of varying lengths. The poem is written in the first person, with the poet addressing his younger self and reminiscing about his childhood. The structure of the poem reflects the fluidity and unpredictability of childhood, with the stanzas flowing seamlessly into each other, like the movements of a dance.

The first stanza sets the scene and establishes the tone of the poem. The poet describes the children playing in the park, their laughter and shouts echoing through the air. The second stanza introduces the metaphor of the ballet, with the children becoming the dancers in a grand performance. The third stanza is the longest and most detailed, describing the various movements and poses of the dancers. The fourth stanza is a brief interlude, with the poet reflecting on the transience of childhood and the inevitability of growing up. The final stanza brings the poem to a close, with the dancers disappearing into the distance, leaving the poet alone with his memories.

Language

Schwartz's use of language in "The Ballet of the Fifth Year" is both poetic and evocative. He employs a range of literary devices, including metaphor, imagery, and alliteration, to create a vivid and immersive experience for the reader.

The metaphor of the ballet is central to the poem, with the children becoming the dancers in a grand performance. Schwartz uses vivid imagery to describe the movements and poses of the dancers, evoking the grace and beauty of the ballet. For example, he writes:

"The children are dancing in the park. It is seven in the morning. A boy and a girl run over the grass, Chasing the yellow ball."

Here, the poet uses imagery to create a sense of movement and energy, with the children running and chasing the ball. The use of the word "dancing" suggests that the children are caught up in a grand performance, with the park serving as their stage.

Schwartz also employs alliteration and repetition to create a musical quality to the poem. For example, he writes:

"The children run like the sparks of a wheel, The girls glow like phosphorous, Footprints on cement, fingers in the clay, Wings in water."

Here, the repetition of the "f" sound in "footprints," "fingers," and "wings" creates a sense of rhythm and flow, while the use of the word "glow" and "phosphorous" creates a sense of magic and wonder.

Conclusion

In conclusion, "The Ballet of the Fifth Year" is a masterpiece of modern poetry that captures the essence of childhood and the fleeting nature of time. Through the use of metaphor, imagery, and language, Delmore Schwartz creates a vivid and immersive experience for the reader, transporting them back in time to experience the wonder and magic of childhood. The poem is a poignant reminder of the transience of life and the importance of cherishing the moments that we have.

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