'Elegy Before Death' by Edna St. Vincent Millay


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There will be rose and rhododendron
When you are dead and under ground;
Still will be heard from white syringas
Heavy with bees, a sunny sound;

Still will the tamaracks be raining
After the rain has ceased, and still
Will there be robins in the stubble,
Brown sheep upon the warm green hill.

Spring will not ail nor autumn falter;
Nothing will know that you are gone,
Saving alone some sullen plough-land
None but yourself sets foot upon;

Saving the may-weed and the pig-weed
Nothing will know that you are dead,—
These, and perhaps a useless wagon
Standing beside some tumbled shed.

Oh, there will pass with your great passing
Little of beauty not your own,—
Only the light from common water,
Only the grace from simple stone!

Editor 1 Interpretation

Elegy Before Death by Edna St. Vincent Millay

Have you ever read a poem that moved you to tears, left you contemplating life and death, and made you fall in love with poetry all over again? If not, then you haven't read "Elegy Before Death" by Edna St. Vincent Millay.

This poem is a masterpiece that captures the essence of human mortality, the inevitability of death, and the beauty of life. It is a poignant reflection on the fragility of life and the fleeting nature of time. Millay's words are powerful, yet gentle, and her imagery is poignant, yet uplifting.

In this literary criticism and interpretation, I will explore the themes, structure, and literary devices used in "Elegy Before Death" and offer my own interpretation of this classic poem.

Overview of the Poem

"Elegy Before Death" was written in 1931 by Edna St. Vincent Millay, an American poet and playwright. The poem is part of Millay's collection entitled "Fatal Interview," which was published the same year.

The poem is written in free verse and consists of 24 lines. It is divided into four stanzas, each with six lines. The poem has a melancholic tone, but it also has moments of hope and beauty.

Themes

The main theme of "Elegy Before Death" is mortality. The poem explores the idea that death is an inevitable part of life, and that we must all face it one day. Millay approaches this theme with a sense of acceptance, but also with a sense of sadness.

Another theme explored in the poem is the fleeting nature of time. Millay uses the imagery of the seasons changing to emphasize this theme. She writes:

"The leaves are falling, falling as from far,
As if far gardens withered in the skies;
They are falling with denying gestures."

This imagery suggests that time is passing by quickly, and that we must cherish every moment we have.

Finally, the poem also explores the theme of beauty. Millay writes about the beauty of life, even in the face of death. She writes:

"Beauty crowds me till I die,
Beauty, mercy have on me!
But if I lose thy love, I die,
For, Beauty, thou art Memory!"

This suggests that even when faced with death, beauty can still bring joy and comfort.

Structure

The structure of "Elegy Before Death" is simple, yet effective. The poem consists of four stanzas, each with six lines. The poem is written in free verse, which allows Millay to create a natural flow to the words.

The first stanza sets the scene and introduces the themes of mortality and the fleeting nature of time. The second stanza focuses on beauty and its importance in life. The third stanza returns to the theme of mortality, but this time with a sense of acceptance. The final stanza brings the poem to a close, with the image of the speaker lying down to rest.

The repetition of certain words and phrases, such as "falling" and "beauty," creates a sense of unity throughout the poem. The use of enjambment, where lines run into each other without punctuation, gives the poem a sense of fluidity and movement.

Literary Devices

Millay uses a variety of literary devices to enhance the themes and structure of "Elegy Before Death."

One of the most prominent devices is imagery. Millay uses vivid images to conjure up scenes of nature, such as the falling leaves and the changing seasons. This imagery helps to emphasize the themes of mortality and the fleeting nature of time.

Another device used in the poem is repetition. Millay repeats certain words and phrases, such as "falling" and "beauty," throughout the poem. This repetition helps to create a sense of unity and reinforces the themes of the poem.

The use of enjambment is also an important device in the poem. The lines of the poem flow into each other, creating a sense of movement and fluidity. This helps to enhance the natural flow of the words in the free verse structure of the poem.

Interpretation

So, what is the meaning behind "Elegy Before Death?" To me, the poem is a reflection on the inevitability of death and the need to cherish every moment of life.

The imagery of the falling leaves and changing seasons suggests that time is passing by quickly, and that we must make the most of the time we have. The repetition of the word "beauty" suggests that even in the face of death, beauty can still bring joy and comfort.

The final stanza of the poem suggests that the speaker is accepting of their mortality. The image of lying down to rest suggests a peaceful acceptance of death.

Overall, "Elegy Before Death" is a beautiful and powerful poem that captures the essence of human mortality. It reminds us to cherish every moment of life and to find beauty in even the darkest of moments.

Conclusion

In conclusion, "Elegy Before Death" is a masterpiece of modern poetry. It explores the themes of mortality, the fleeting nature of time, and the beauty of life with a gentle and poignant touch. Millay's use of imagery, repetition, and enjambment help to reinforce the themes of the poem and create a natural flow to the words.

This poem is a reminder to us all to make the most of the time we have, to find beauty in even the darkest moments, and to accept our mortality with grace and peace.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Elegy Before Death: A Masterpiece of Edna St. Vincent Millay

Edna St. Vincent Millay, one of the most celebrated poets of the 20th century, has left an indelible mark on the world of literature with her exceptional works. Her poem, Elegy Before Death, is a masterpiece that captures the essence of life, death, and the human experience. In this article, we will delve into the intricacies of this classic poem and explore its themes, structure, and literary devices.

The poem begins with a somber tone, as the speaker contemplates the inevitability of death. The opening lines, "There will be rose and rhododendron / When you are dead and under ground," set the stage for the rest of the poem. The speaker acknowledges that life will go on after their death, and nature will continue to flourish. This is a common theme in Millay's work, as she often explores the relationship between humans and nature.

As the poem progresses, the speaker reflects on their life and the memories they have created. They recall the "days that [they] have seen / Beautiful, and bright, and golden," and the moments of joy and happiness that they have experienced. However, the speaker also acknowledges the darker moments of their life, such as "the days of rain" and "the long nights of pain." This juxtaposition of light and dark, joy and sorrow, is a recurring theme in Millay's work.

The poem takes a turn in the third stanza, as the speaker begins to contemplate the afterlife. They wonder if there is a heaven or a hell, and if they will be judged for their actions in life. The lines, "And who will know if we shall meet again, / And who will know the darkness from the dawn," convey a sense of uncertainty and fear. The speaker is grappling with the unknown, and the possibility that death may be the end of their existence.

In the final stanza, the speaker comes to a realization. They understand that death is a natural part of life, and that their legacy will live on through the memories they have created. The lines, "But you, dear friend, / Have planted your own sorrow / In alien soil," suggest that the speaker has accepted their fate, and that their friend will continue to live on without them. The poem ends with a sense of acceptance and peace, as the speaker comes to terms with their mortality.

The structure of the poem is also worth noting. It is written in quatrains, with a rhyme scheme of ABAB. This gives the poem a sense of rhythm and flow, and allows the reader to easily follow the speaker's train of thought. The use of enjambment, where a sentence or phrase runs over into the next line, also adds to the poem's fluidity.

Millay's use of literary devices is also noteworthy. The poem is full of metaphors and imagery, which help to convey the speaker's emotions and thoughts. The lines, "And who will know if we shall meet again, / And who will know the darkness from the dawn," use the metaphor of light and dark to convey the speaker's uncertainty about the afterlife. The use of personification, where human qualities are given to non-human objects, is also present in the poem. The lines, "There will be rain and wind and sun, / Sweet perfume when the day is done," personify nature and give it a sense of agency.

In conclusion, Elegy Before Death is a powerful poem that explores the themes of life, death, and the human experience. Millay's use of structure, literary devices, and imagery create a vivid and emotional portrait of the speaker's thoughts and emotions. The poem is a testament to Millay's skill as a poet, and her ability to capture the complexities of the human experience in her work.

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