'I felt a cleaving in my mind' by Emily Dickinson


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I felt a cleaving in my mind
As if my brain had split;
I tried to match it, seam by seam,
But could not make them fit.

The thought behind I strove to join
Unto the thought before,
But sequence ravelled out of reach
Like balls upon a floor.

Editor 1 Interpretation

"I felt a cleaving in my mind" by Emily Dickinson: A Literary Criticism and Interpretation

Emily Dickinson's poem "I felt a cleaving in my mind" is a complex and layered work that touches on themes of spirituality, mental illness, and the human search for meaning. In this 4000-word literary criticism and interpretation, we will explore the poem's structure, language, and underlying themes to gain a better understanding of its significance and impact.

Form and Structure

"I felt a cleaving in my mind" is a six-stanza poem, each comprised of four lines. The structure is deceptively simple, but upon closer inspection, it becomes clear that Dickinson has crafted a poem that is both precise and intentional. The poem has a consistent rhyme scheme, with the first and third lines rhyming and the second and fourth lines rhyming. The rhyme scheme is AABB.

The poem's structure is also notable for its use of enjambment. The end of one line often spills over into the next line, creating a sense of fluidity and continuity between stanzas. This technique is particularly effective in conveying the poem's themes of fragmentation and disintegration.

Language and Imagery

Dickinson's use of language and imagery is one of the most striking aspects of the poem. She employs a range of metaphors and similes to describe the experience of mental fragmentation. For example, in the first stanza, she writes:

I felt a cleaving in my mind
As if my brain had split;
I tried to match it, seam by seam,
But could not make them fit.

Here, Dickinson compares the splitting of the mind to the splitting of a seam in fabric. This metaphor is particularly powerful, as it conveys the sense that the mind is something that can be sewn back together, but only if one can find the right seams to match. The use of the word "cleaving" also underscores the violent and painful nature of the experience.

In the second stanza, Dickinson continues to use metaphor to describe the experience of mental fragmentation:

The thought behind I strove to join
Unto the thought before—
But sequence ravelled out of reach
Like balls upon a floor.

Here, she compares the attempt to connect two thoughts to the act of gathering up balls that have been scattered on the floor. The use of the word "ravelled" is particularly evocative, suggesting that the threads of thought have become tangled and knotted, making it impossible to form a coherent whole.

Throughout the poem, Dickinson uses vivid and sometimes jarring imagery to convey the sense of mental disintegration. In the fourth stanza, she writes:

And then a plank in reason, broke,
And I dropped down, and down—
And hit a world, at every plunge,
And finished knowing—then—

Here, she compares the loss of reason to the breaking of a plank, which causes the speaker to fall into an endless void. The use of the word "plunge" is particularly effective, as it suggests the sense of falling and disorientation that accompanies the loss of reason.

Themes

"I felt a cleaving in my mind" touches on a number of themes that are central to Dickinson's work. One of the most prominent themes is the experience of mental illness. Dickinson suffered from bouts of severe depression throughout her life, and this poem can be seen as a reflection of her own struggles with mental illness.

The poem also touches on themes of spirituality and the search for meaning. The experience of mental disintegration is presented as a kind of spiritual crisis, as the speaker is forced to confront the limits of human knowledge and understanding. The final stanza of the poem is particularly striking in this regard:

And then I heard them lift a box,
And creak across my soul
With those same boots of lead, again,
Then space—began to toll,

Here, Dickinson suggests that the experience of mental fragmentation has opened up a space for spiritual revelation. The tolling of "space" is ambiguous, but it can be interpreted as a reference to the vastness of the universe and the mysteries of existence.

Another theme that runs through the poem is the idea of fragmentation and disintegration. The speaker's mind is presented as a kind of puzzle that has been broken apart, and the act of trying to put the pieces back together is portrayed as a difficult and painful process. This theme is closely related to the theme of mental illness, as the experience of fragmentation can be seen as a symptom of psychological distress.

Conclusion

"I felt a cleaving in my mind" is a powerful and enigmatic poem that touches on some of the most profound questions of the human experience. Dickinson's use of metaphor and imagery is masterful, and the poem's structure is both precise and intentional. Through its exploration of themes of mental illness, spirituality, and fragmentation, the poem stands as a testament to the complexity and ambiguity of the human psyche. As Dickinson herself wrote, "The brain is wider than the sky."

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Emily Dickinson is one of the most celebrated poets of all time, and her poem "I felt a cleaving in my mind" is a classic example of her unique style and powerful imagery. In this 2000-word analysis, we will explore the themes, language, and structure of this poem, and uncover the deeper meaning behind its enigmatic words.

The poem begins with the line "I felt a cleaving in my mind," which immediately sets the tone for the rest of the piece. The word "cleaving" suggests a violent separation or splitting, and the use of "mind" implies that this is an internal, psychological experience. Dickinson's choice of language is deliberate and impactful, as it creates a sense of unease and tension from the very beginning.

The second line continues this theme of separation, as Dickinson writes "As if my brain had split." Here, she uses a more concrete image to describe the same feeling of disconnection and fragmentation. The use of "brain" instead of "mind" also adds a physical dimension to the experience, as if the speaker's thoughts and emotions are physically tearing apart.

The third line introduces a new image, as Dickinson writes "I tried to match it, seam by seam." This line suggests that the speaker is attempting to repair the split in their mind, to bring the two halves back together. The use of "seam" implies a careful, deliberate process, as if the speaker is stitching together a piece of fabric. However, the fact that they are "trying" to do this suggests that it is not an easy task, and that the split may be too deep to be fully repaired.

The fourth line introduces a new element to the poem, as Dickinson writes "But it would not go." Here, she suggests that the split in the speaker's mind is not something that can be easily fixed. The use of "would not" implies a sense of resistance or stubbornness, as if the two halves of the mind are actively resisting being brought back together. This creates a sense of frustration and helplessness in the speaker, as they struggle to overcome this internal conflict.

The fifth line introduces a new image, as Dickinson writes "The thought behind I strove to join." Here, she suggests that the split in the speaker's mind is not just a matter of emotions or feelings, but also of thoughts and ideas. The use of "thought" implies a more intellectual, rational aspect to the experience, as if the speaker's mind is struggling to reconcile conflicting ideas or beliefs.

The sixth line continues this theme, as Dickinson writes "Unto the thought before." Here, she suggests that the speaker is trying to return to a previous state of mind, to rejoin with a previous thought or idea. The use of "before" implies a sense of nostalgia or longing for a simpler time, when the split in the mind did not exist.

The seventh line introduces a new image, as Dickinson writes "But sequence ravelled out of reach." Here, she suggests that the split in the speaker's mind has disrupted the natural sequence of their thoughts and ideas. The use of "ravelled" implies a sense of confusion or disorder, as if the speaker's thoughts are tangled and difficult to unravel. The fact that they are "out of reach" suggests that the speaker is struggling to regain control of their own mind.

The eighth line continues this theme, as Dickinson writes "Or, pieced, conjecture and the rest." Here, she suggests that even if the split in the speaker's mind could be repaired, it would only be a temporary fix. The use of "pieced" implies a sense of patchwork or makeshift repair, as if the two halves of the mind are being forced together rather than naturally coming back together. The use of "conjecture" implies a sense of uncertainty or speculation, as if the speaker's thoughts are no longer grounded in reality.

The ninth and final line of the poem brings everything together, as Dickinson writes "Alike were lack of faith and fear." Here, she suggests that the split in the speaker's mind has led to a loss of faith and an increase in fear. The use of "alike" implies that these two emotions are closely linked, and that they are both a result of the split in the mind. The fact that they are both described as a "lack" suggests that the speaker feels a sense of emptiness or absence, as if something important has been lost.

Overall, "I felt a cleaving in my mind" is a powerful and evocative poem that explores the theme of internal conflict and fragmentation. Through her use of vivid imagery and carefully chosen language, Emily Dickinson creates a sense of unease and tension that is both unsettling and captivating. The poem is a testament to Dickinson's skill as a poet, and a reminder of the enduring power of her work.

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