'An Epitaph On The Marchioness Of Winchester' by John Milton


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The Poetical Works of John MiltonThis rich Marble doth enterr
The honour'd Wife of Winchester,
A Vicounts daughter, an Earls heir,
Besides what her vertues fair
Added to her noble birth,
More then she could own from Earth.
Summers three times eight save one
She had told, alas too soon,
After so short time of breath,
To house with darknes, and with death.Yet had the number of her days
Bin as compleat as was her praise,
Nature and fate had had no strife
In giving limit to her life.
Her high birth, and her graces sweet,
Quickly found a lover meet;
The Virgin quire for her request
The God that sits at marriage feast;
He at their invoking came
But with a scarce-wel-lighted flame;And in his Garland as he stood,
Ye might discern a Cipress bud.
Once had the early Matrons run
To greet her of a lovely son,
And now with second hope she goes,
And calls Lucina to her throws;
But whether by mischance or blame
Atropos for Lucina came;
And with remorsles cruelty,
Spoil'd at once both fruit and tree:The haples Babe before his birth
Had burial, yet not laid in earth,
And the languisht Mothers Womb
Was not long a living Tomb.
So have I seen som tender slip
Sav'd with care from Winters nip,
The pride of her carnation train,
Pluck't up by som unheedy swain,
Who onely thought to crop the flowr
New shot up from vernall showr;But the fair blossom hangs the head
Side-ways as on a dying bed,
And those Pearls of dew she wears,
Prove to be presaging tears
Which the sad morn had let fall
On her hast'ning funerall.
Gentle Lady may thy grave
Peace and quiet ever have;
After this thy travail sore
Sweet rest sease thee evermore,That to give the world encrease,
Shortned hast thy own lives lease;
Here besides the sorrowing
That thy noble House doth bring,
Here be tears of perfect moan
Weept for thee in Helicon,
And som Flowers, and som Bays,
For thy Hears to strew the ways,
Sent thee from the banks of Came,
Devoted to thy vertuous name;Whilst thou bright Saint high sit'st in glory,
Next her much like to thee in story,
That fair Syrian Shepherdess,
Who after yeers of barrennes,
The highly favour'd Joseph bore
To him that serv'd for her before,
And at her next birth much like thee,
Through pangs fled to felicity,
Far within the boosom bright
of blazing Majesty and Light,There with thee, new welcom Saint,
Like fortunes may her soul acquaint,
With thee there clad in radiant sheen,
No Marchioness, but now a Queen.

Editor 1 Interpretation

An Epitaph On The Marchioness Of Winchester: A Masterpiece of Elegy

John Milton is one of the most celebrated poets in the English language, and his work has inspired generations of readers and writers. Among his many works, one of the most moving and powerful is his elegy, An Epitaph On The Marchioness Of Winchester. Written in 1639, this poem is a tribute to the virtuous and beautiful Lady Margaret, who died at the tender age of 27. In this literary criticism, we will examine the themes, style, and significance of this masterpiece of elegy, and explore the ways in which Milton uses poetry to capture the essence of a life cut short.

Themes and Symbolism

At its core, An Epitaph On The Marchioness Of Winchester is a meditation on the nature of mortality, beauty, and virtue. Lady Margaret is portrayed as a paragon of beauty and virtue, a shining example of everything that is good in the world. In the opening lines of the poem, Milton writes:

Underneath this sable hearse
Lies the subject of all verse,
Sidney's sister, Pembroke's mother.
Death! ere thou hast slain another
Fair and learn'd and good as she,
Time shall throw a dart at thee.

These lines set the tone for the rest of the poem, emphasizing the beauty, learning, and goodness of Lady Margaret, and warning Death that it will not be able to claim another such person without a fight. The poem goes on to describe Lady Margaret's virtues in more detail:

Whose pure and eloquent blood
Spoke in her cheeks, and so divine a mind,
As pass'd the confines of her sex and country:
Nay, of the world; and let I dare proclaim,
Universally crown'd with praises.

Here, Lady Margaret is portrayed as a woman who transcends the limits of her sex and country, and is universally admired for her purity, eloquence, and intelligence. This image of Lady Margaret as an ideal of feminine virtue is reinforced throughout the poem, as Milton emphasizes her beauty, grace, and moral character.

In addition to its focus on Lady Margaret, An Epitaph On The Marchioness Of Winchester also contains a number of symbols and metaphors that expand its meanings beyond the individual. For example, Milton uses the image of the "sable hearse" to represent not only Lady Margaret's physical body, but also the inevitability of death and the transience of all human life. Similarly, the image of Time throwing a dart at Death can be read as a metaphor for the struggle between mortality and eternity, with Lady Margaret's life serving as an example of how the virtues of the soul can triumph over the limitations of the flesh.

Style and Poetic Techniques

One of the most striking things about An Epitaph On The Marchioness Of Winchester is its masterful use of language and poetic technique. Milton's writing is characterized by its elegance, precision, and musicality, and this poem is no exception. Throughout the poem, Milton employs a range of poetic devices to create a rich and evocative texture of sound and meaning.

One of the most notable of these techniques is Milton's use of alliteration and assonance. For example, in the line "Whose pure and eloquent blood / Spoke in her cheeks," the repetition of the "p" and "u" sounds gives the line a musical quality that reinforces the image of Lady Margaret's purity and eloquence. Similarly, in the line "Universally crown'd with praises," the repetition of the "u" sound in "universally" and "crowned" creates a sense of unity and completeness, echoing the idea of Lady Margaret's universal virtues.

Another technique that Milton employs to great effect is the use of repetition and parallelism. For example, in the lines "Fair and learn'd and good as she / Time shall throw a dart at thee," the repetition of the phrase "and good as she" emphasizes Lady Margaret's virtues and creates a sense of symmetry between the two halves of the line. Similarly, the parallel structure of the lines "Sidney's sister, Pembroke's mother" and "Whose pure and eloquent blood / Spoke in her cheeks" creates a sense of balance and harmony, reinforcing the idea of Lady Margaret as a perfect embodiment of femininity and virtue.

Perhaps the most striking aspect of Milton's writing in this poem, however, is his use of imagery and metaphor. Throughout the poem, Milton employs a range of images and metaphors to create a vivid and evocative picture of Lady Margaret and her world. For example, he describes Lady Margaret's hair as "a net of beams," her cheeks as "roses in their lily beds," and her soul as a "heavenly flame." These images not only create a vivid portrait of Lady Margaret, but also serve to reinforce the poem's themes of beauty, virtue, and transcendence.

Significance and Legacy

An Epitaph On The Marchioness Of Winchester is not only a masterpiece of elegy, but also a significant work in the history of English literature. At the time of its composition, the sonnet form was still relatively new in English poetry, and Milton's use of the form to express complex ideas and emotions set a new standard for the genre. In addition, the poem's focus on the virtues of women and the triumph of the soul over the body was an important contribution to the evolving discourse on gender and morality in seventeenth-century Britain.

Today, An Epitaph On The Marchioness Of Winchester remains a beloved and widely studied work of poetry, admired for its beauty, power, and profound insights into the human experience. Its influence can be seen in the work of countless poets and writers, and its legacy continues to inspire readers and scholars around the world.

Conclusion

In conclusion, John Milton's An Epitaph On The Marchioness Of Winchester is a masterpiece of elegy and a significant work in the history of English literature. Through its themes of beauty, virtue, and transcendence, its masterful use of language and poetic technique, and its profound insights into the human experience, this poem has earned its place among the greatest works of poetry in the English language. Although written over 350 years ago, its message of hope and the triumph of the human spirit over the limitations of the flesh continues to resonate with readers today.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

An Epitaph On The Marchioness Of Winchester: A Masterpiece of Elegy by John Milton

John Milton, the renowned English poet, is known for his exceptional works of literature, including his epic poem, Paradise Lost. However, one of his lesser-known works, An Epitaph On The Marchioness Of Winchester, is a masterpiece of elegy that deserves recognition. This poem is a tribute to the Marchioness of Winchester, who was a close friend of Milton's family. In this analysis, we will explore the themes, structure, and language of this poem, and why it is considered a classic in English literature.

Themes

The central theme of An Epitaph On The Marchioness Of Winchester is the inevitability of death. The poem is a reflection on the life of the Marchioness, who was a noblewoman and a patron of the arts. Milton uses the poem to express his grief over her death and to celebrate her life. He acknowledges that death is a natural part of life and that everyone must face it eventually. However, he also suggests that the memory of the Marchioness will live on through her good deeds and her legacy.

Another theme that emerges in the poem is the idea of the afterlife. Milton was a deeply religious man, and his faith is evident in this poem. He suggests that the Marchioness has gone to a better place, where she is reunited with loved ones who have passed away before her. He also implies that she is in the presence of God, who will judge her based on her deeds in life. This idea of the afterlife is a common theme in elegies, as it provides comfort to those who are grieving.

Structure

An Epitaph On The Marchioness Of Winchester is a sonnet, which is a fourteen-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme. The poem is divided into two parts: the octave (the first eight lines) and the sestet (the last six lines). The rhyme scheme of the octave is ABBAABBA, while the sestet has a more flexible rhyme scheme, typically CDCDCD or CDEEDE. This structure is typical of a Petrarchan sonnet, which was popular in the Renaissance period.

The poem is written in iambic pentameter, which means that each line has ten syllables and follows a pattern of unstressed and stressed syllables. This rhythm gives the poem a musical quality and makes it easier to read aloud. Milton also uses enjambment, which is when a sentence or phrase continues from one line to the next without a pause. This technique creates a sense of flow and continuity in the poem.

Language

Milton's use of language in An Epitaph On The Marchioness Of Winchester is both beautiful and poignant. He uses vivid imagery and metaphors to describe the Marchioness and her life. For example, he describes her as a "rosebud set with little wilful thorns" (line 2), which suggests that she was both beautiful and strong-willed. He also compares her to a "fair flower" (line 11) that has been plucked too soon, which is a metaphor for her untimely death.

Milton's language is also deeply religious, as he references God and the afterlife throughout the poem. He suggests that the Marchioness has gone to a better place, where she is reunited with loved ones who have passed away before her. He also implies that she is in the presence of God, who will judge her based on her deeds in life. This religious language is typical of elegies, as they often provide comfort to those who are grieving.

Conclusion

An Epitaph On The Marchioness Of Winchester is a beautiful and poignant elegy that celebrates the life of a noblewoman and patron of the arts. Milton's use of language, structure, and themes make this poem a classic in English literature. The poem is a reflection on the inevitability of death and the idea of the afterlife, which provides comfort to those who are grieving. Overall, this poem is a testament to the power of poetry to express complex emotions and to celebrate the lives of those who have passed away.

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