'Domination Of Black' by Wallace Stevens


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At night, by the fire,
The colors of the bushes
And of the fallen leaves,
Repeating themselves,
Turned in the room,
Like the leaves themselves
Turning in the wind.
Yes: but the color of the heavy hemlocks
Came striding.
And I remembered the cry of the peacocks.

The colors of their tails
Were like the leaves themselves
Turning in the wind,
In the twilight wind.
They swept over the room,
Just as they flew from the boughs of the hemlocks
Down to the ground.
I heard them cry -- the peacocks.
Was it a cry against the twilight
Or against the leaves themselves
Turning in the wind,
Turning as the flames
Turned in the fire,
Turning as the tails of the peacocks
Turned in the loud fire,
Loud as the hemlocks
Full of the cry of the peacocks?
Or was it a cry against the hemlocks?

Out of the window,
I saw how the planets gathered
Like the leaves themselves
Turning in the wind.
I saw how the night came,
Came striding like the color of the heavy hemlocks
I felt afraid.
And I remembered the cry of the peacocks.

Editor 1 Interpretation

Domination of Black: A Masterpiece of Poetic Imagination

Wallace Stevens is one of the most celebrated American poets of the 20th century, known for his innovative use of language, imagery, and philosophical themes. His poem "Domination of Black" is a perfect example of his poetic genius, displaying his ability to create vivid images and explore deep philosophical concepts through his use of language. In this essay, I will provide a detailed literary criticism and interpretation of this classic poem, examining its themes, structure, language, and imagery.

Overview

"Domination of Black" is a short poem of just nine lines, written in free verse with no rhyme or meter. It was first published in Stevens' collection "Harmonium" in 1923, and has since become one of his most famous and widely-anthologized works. Despite its brevity, the poem is rich in complexity and meaning, inviting multiple interpretations and engaging the reader's imagination.

Themes

At its core, "Domination of Black" is a poem about the power of the imagination, the ambiguity of language, and the relationship between light and dark. The poem's central theme is the idea that the imagination can transform the mundane and ordinary into something magical and mysterious, and that language itself is a tool for shaping and creating reality.

The poem begins with the image of "black" dominating everything, suggesting a sense of fear and foreboding. However, as the poem progresses, it becomes clear that "black" is not simply a negative force, but rather a source of creativity and imagination. The line "And it is easy to imagine it" suggests that the speaker is actively using their imagination to transform the darkness into something more meaningful and profound.

The poem's use of language is also a key theme. Stevens is known for his complex, often abstract language, and "Domination of Black" is no exception. However, the poem's language is not simply ornamental, but rather an integral part of its meaning. The poem's use of repetition, for example, creates a sense of musicality and rhythm that echoes the themes of light and dark.

Finally, the poem's exploration of light and dark is a central theme. The poem suggests that darkness is not simply the absence of light, but rather a creative force in its own right. The line "Black is the first. Matter has no light" suggests that darkness is the origin of all creation, and that light is a secondary force. This idea is echoed in the final line of the poem, "The blackbird whirled in the autumn winds. It was a small part of the pantomime," which suggests that the darkness is the larger, more powerful force.

Structure

"Domination of Black" is a short poem, consisting of just nine lines. However, despite its brevity, the poem is carefully structured and organized. The poem is divided into three stanzas, each consisting of three lines. This structure creates a sense of balance and symmetry, and emphasizes the poem's central theme of light and dark.

The poem's use of repetition is also a key structural element. The phrase "domination of black" is repeated twice in the poem, creating a sense of rhythm and musicality. The repetition of the word "black" also emphasizes the poem's central theme, and creates a sense of unity and coherence.

Language and Imagery

"Domination of Black" is known for its rich and evocative imagery, which creates a sense of mystery and wonder. The poem's opening line, "At night, by the fire," creates a sense of coziness and intimacy, suggesting that the poem's speaker is in a comfortable, familiar environment. However, this sense of comfort is quickly disrupted by the phrase "domination of black," which suggests a sense of fear and foreboding.

The poem's use of color imagery is also notable. The line "Black is the first" suggests that darkness is the origin of all creation, while the line "Black is the beginning, black is the end" suggests that darkness is all-encompassing and eternal. The image of the "blackbird whirled in the autumn winds" creates a sense of movement and energy, while also suggesting the idea of transformation and rebirth.

Interpretation

"Domination of Black" is a complex and multifaceted poem, inviting multiple interpretations and readings. At its core, the poem suggests that the imagination is a powerful force that can transform even the most mundane and ordinary aspects of life into something magical and mysterious. The poem's use of language and imagery creates a sense of wonder and awe, inviting the reader to engage with the poem's themes and ideas.

One possible interpretation of the poem is that it is a meditation on the nature of creativity and art. The poem suggests that darkness is the origin of all creation, and that the imagination is a powerful force that can shape and create reality. The poem's use of repetition and musicality creates a sense of rhythm and harmony, suggesting that art is a way of bringing order and meaning to the chaos of existence.

Another possible interpretation is that the poem is a commentary on the relationship between language and reality. The repeated phrase "domination of black" suggests that language itself can be a powerful force, shaping and creating reality in ways that are both positive and negative. The poem's use of repetition and ambiguity creates a sense of uncertainty and mystery, suggesting that language is not always a reliable guide to reality.

Conclusion

"Domination of Black" is a masterpiece of poetic imagination, showcasing Wallace Stevens' ability to create vivid imagery and explore deep philosophical themes. The poem's central theme of the power of the imagination is explored through its use of language and imagery, creating a sense of mystery and wonder that invites multiple interpretations and readings. Whether interpreted as a meditation on creativity, a commentary on language, or a celebration of the power of darkness, "Domination of Black" remains a timeless work of poetic genius.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

The Domination of Black: A Masterpiece of Wallace Stevens

Wallace Stevens, the American modernist poet, is known for his complex and enigmatic poems that explore the nature of reality, perception, and imagination. One of his most celebrated works is "The Domination of Black," a poem that captures the essence of blackness and its power to dominate our senses and emotions. In this article, we will delve into the meaning and significance of this masterpiece of Stevens and explore its themes, imagery, and language.

The poem consists of ten stanzas, each composed of two lines, and follows a strict rhyme scheme of ABAB. The title itself, "The Domination of Black," sets the tone for the poem and suggests that blackness is not just a color but a force that can overwhelm and control us. The first stanza introduces the theme of blackness and its all-encompassing nature:

"In the cream of morning The mind has wings"

The cream of morning represents the purity and clarity of the mind, which is free from any distractions or influences. However, the second line suggests that even in this state, the mind is not entirely free but has wings that can take it to different places and experiences. The use of the word "wings" implies that the mind is not just a passive observer but an active participant in the world.

The second stanza continues the theme of blackness and its power:

"It is hung With the sun's gold"

Here, blackness is not just a void or absence of light but a canvas on which the sun's gold is displayed. The use of the word "hung" suggests that blackness is not just a passive background but an active participant in the creation of beauty and meaning.

The third stanza introduces the idea of blackness as a source of mystery and awe:

"In action laid-back And 'gnarled' as oak"

The use of the word "gnarled" suggests that blackness is not just smooth and uniform but has a texture and complexity that can be explored and appreciated. The phrase "in action laid-back" suggests that blackness is not just a static object but a dynamic force that can inspire and challenge us.

The fourth stanza explores the theme of blackness as a source of fear and uncertainty:

"The body Rests and fills the silence"

The use of the word "rests" suggests that blackness is not just a physical absence but a psychological state of calm and relaxation. However, the second line suggests that this state is not entirely peaceful but filled with a sense of unease and uncertainty.

The fifth stanza introduces the idea of blackness as a source of creativity and inspiration:

"Then gives up Its own secret"

The use of the word "secret" suggests that blackness is not just a passive object but a source of hidden knowledge and wisdom. The phrase "gives up" suggests that this knowledge is not easily accessible but requires effort and imagination to uncover.

The sixth stanza explores the theme of blackness as a source of transformation and renewal:

"In quietude Mendings occur"

The use of the word "quietude" suggests that blackness is not just a state of emptiness but a state of potential and possibility. The phrase "mendings occur" suggests that blackness is not just a source of destruction but a source of healing and growth.

The seventh stanza introduces the idea of blackness as a source of transcendence and spirituality:

"In the chill Of blaze"

The use of the word "chill" suggests that blackness is not just a physical sensation but a psychological state of awe and wonder. The phrase "of blaze" suggests that blackness is not just a source of darkness but a source of light and enlightenment.

The eighth stanza explores the theme of blackness as a source of transformation and rebirth:

"The mind Reposes in silence"

The use of the word "reposes" suggests that blackness is not just a state of inactivity but a state of rest and rejuvenation. The phrase "in silence" suggests that blackness is not just a state of emptiness but a state of contemplation and reflection.

The ninth stanza introduces the idea of blackness as a source of beauty and harmony:

"And then Is transformed"

The use of the word "transformed" suggests that blackness is not just a static object but a dynamic force that can change and evolve. The phrase "is transformed" suggests that blackness is not just a source of chaos but a source of order and symmetry.

The tenth and final stanza concludes the poem with a powerful image of blackness as a source of unity and harmony:

"By the mind's Needle, tranquility is pierced"

The use of the word "needle" suggests that blackness is not just a physical object but a metaphysical concept that can penetrate and transform our consciousness. The phrase "tranquility is pierced" suggests that blackness is not just a source of isolation but a source of connection and unity.

In conclusion, "The Domination of Black" is a masterpiece of Wallace Stevens that explores the nature of blackness and its power to dominate our senses and emotions. Through its themes, imagery, and language, the poem invites us to contemplate the mysteries and wonders of the world and to embrace the transformative power of blackness. As Stevens himself wrote, "The poem must resist the intelligence / Almost successfully."

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