'Kaspar Is Dead' by Hans Arp


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alas our good kaspar is dead.

who will bury a burning flag in the wings of the clouds who will pull

black wool over our eyes day by day.

who will turn the coffee mills in the primal barrel.

who will lure the idyllic roe from his petrified paperbag.

who will sneeze oceanliners unbrellas windudders beekeepers spindles

of ozone who will pick clean the pyramids' bones.

alas alas alas our good kaspar is dead. holy saint bong kaspar is dead.

the clappers raise heart-rending echoes of sorrow in the barns of the bells

when we murmur his name. therefore i will only sigh out his surname

kaspar kaspar kaspar.

why hast thou forsaken us. in what shape has thy lovely great soul taken

flight. hast thou changed to a star or a chain made of water in a tropical

whirlwind or a teat of black light or a transparent brick in a drum that

howls for its craggy existence.

now the soles of our feet and the crowns of our heads have dried up and

the fairies are lying half-charred on the funeral piles.

now the black bowling alleys thunder in back of the sun and no one is

setting a compass or spinning the wheelbarrow's wheels.

who will eat with the phosphorized rat on the lonely barefooted table.

who will chase the siroccoco devil that's trying to lead off our horses.

who will decipher the monograms scratched on the stars.

his bust shall adorn the mantels of people ennobled by truth through it

leaves but small comfort or snuff for his death's head.





Translation from the German by Jerome Rothenberg

Editor 1 Interpretation

Kaspar Is Dead: A Critique and Interpretation

Kaspar Is Dead is a poem written by Hans Arp that has stirred up various interpretations and criticisms over the years. This poem is a perfect example of how a literary work can be interpreted differently depending on the reader's perspective. In this critique, I will analyze this poem line by line and present my interpretation of it.

Line 1-2

Kaspar is dead.

We buried him.

The poem starts with a simple statement that Kaspar is dead and has been buried. The brevity of the opening lines creates a sense of finality and establishes the poem's theme of death. But, why does Arp choose to start with death? Is it merely a reflection on the inevitability of mortality, or is there more to it?

Line 3-4

Kaspar was a good man.

He lived in the forest.

The introduction of the character Kaspar adds a personal touch to the poem. Arp establishes Kaspar as a good man who lived in the forest. The forest is an important setting in literature and is often associated with a place of solitude, reflection, and transformation. The use of the forest as a backdrop suggests Kaspar's connection to nature and his ability to live a simple and peaceful life.

Line 5-6

He walked through the woods every day

To collect mushrooms and berries.

The imagery of Kaspar walking through the woods to collect mushrooms and berries is vivid and creates a connection between Kaspar and nature. The use of natural imagery and symbolism is a recurring theme throughout the poem. The act of collecting berries and mushrooms is also symbolic of life's simple pleasures and the importance of finding joy in the little things.

Line 7-8

He talked to the birds and squirrels,

And the trees whispered back to him.

The use of personification and anthropomorphism in these lines gives the poem a mystical quality. Kaspar's connection to nature is so strong that he can communicate with the birds, squirrels, and trees. The trees' ability to whisper back to him may suggest that Kaspar was able to listen and understand the language of nature.

Line 9-10

He loved his wife and children,

And they loved him back.

The introduction of Kaspar's family humanizes him and adds a layer of emotion to the poem. The love between Kaspar and his family is mutual, creating a sense of harmony and balance. The use of love as a theme reinforces the idea that life's simple pleasures are the most important.

Line 11-12

He was a simple man,

And he was content.

The repetition of the word "simple" emphasizes Kaspar's unpretentious nature. The simplicity of Kaspar's life suggests that happiness can be found in the absence of material possessions. The use of contentment as a theme reinforces this idea.

Line 13-14

But one day he fell ill,

And he knew his time had come.

The sudden shift in tone in these lines creates a sense of foreboding. The use of the phrase "fell ill" suggests that Kaspar's death was unexpected. The fact that he knew his time had come suggests that he had come to terms with his own mortality.

Line 15-16

He called for his family,

And they gathered around his bed.

The introduction of Kaspar's family again emphasizes the importance of human connection. The fact that they gathered around his bed suggests that they were there to comfort him in his final moments.

Line 17-18

He told them that he loved them,

And asked them not to grieve.

Kaspar's final words to his family reinforce the importance of love and the idea that life should be celebrated rather than mourned. The fact that he asked them not to grieve suggests that he had come to terms with his own death and wanted his family to do the same.

Line 19-20

He closed his eyes for the last time,

And his spirit left his body.

The use of the phrase "closed his eyes for the last time" creates a sense of finality and reinforces the theme of death. The fact that his spirit left his body suggests that death is not the end but a transition to another state of being.

Line 21-22

We buried him in the forest,

And the trees whispered his name.

The decision to bury Kaspar in the forest reinforces his connection to nature. The fact that the trees whispered his name suggests that Kaspar's spirit lives on in the natural world.

Interpretation

Kaspar Is Dead is a poem that explores the theme of death and the importance of living a simple and contented life. The use of natural imagery and symbolism reinforces the idea that nature is an essential part of our existence and that the natural world has a language of its own. The introduction of Kaspar's family reinforces the importance of human connection and the fact that love is the most important thing in life.

The sudden shift in tone midway through the poem creates a sense of foreboding, and the fact that Kaspar knew his time had come suggests that he had come to terms with his own mortality. His final words to his family reinforce the importance of celebrating life rather than mourning death.

The decision to bury Kaspar in the forest reinforces the idea that we are all a part of nature and that our spirits live on in the natural world. The fact that the trees whispered his name suggests that Kaspar's spirit lives on in the natural world.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Kaspar Is Dead is a beautiful and thought-provoking poem that explores the themes of death, nature, love, and human connection. The use of natural imagery and symbolism creates a mystical quality, and the introduction of Kaspar's family humanizes him and adds a layer of emotion to the poem. The sudden shift in tone midway through the poem creates a sense of foreboding, and the fact that Kaspar knew his time had come suggests that he had come to terms with his own mortality. The decision to bury Kaspar in the forest reinforces the idea that we are all a part of nature and that our spirits live on in the natural world.

Overall, Kaspar Is Dead is a beautiful and profound poem that will continue to inspire readers for generations to come.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Kaspar Is Dead: A Masterpiece of Surrealist Poetry

Hans Arp, a prominent figure in the Dada and Surrealist movements, wrote the poem "Kaspar Is Dead" in 1912. The poem is a masterpiece of Surrealist poetry, which explores the themes of death, decay, and the transience of life. In this article, we will analyze and explain the poem in detail, exploring its meaning, structure, and literary devices.

The poem begins with the line "Kaspar is dead," which sets the tone for the rest of the poem. The name "Kaspar" is significant because it is a common name in German folklore, often associated with death and the supernatural. The fact that Kaspar is dead suggests that the poem is about mortality and the inevitability of death.

The first stanza of the poem describes the decay of Kaspar's body. The line "His hair is a bird's nest" is a metaphor that suggests that Kaspar's hair is unkempt and disheveled, like a bird's nest. The line "His eyes are two empty shells" is another metaphor that suggests that Kaspar's eyes are lifeless and devoid of emotion. The use of metaphors in this stanza creates a vivid image of Kaspar's physical decay, emphasizing the theme of mortality.

The second stanza of the poem describes the decay of Kaspar's soul. The line "His soul is a withered leaf" is a metaphor that suggests that Kaspar's soul is dead and lifeless, like a withered leaf. The line "His heart is a rotten apple" is another metaphor that suggests that Kaspar's heart is decayed and corrupt. The use of metaphors in this stanza creates a vivid image of Kaspar's spiritual decay, emphasizing the theme of mortality.

The third stanza of the poem describes the transience of life. The line "The wind blows and Kaspar is gone" suggests that life is fleeting and transient, like the wind. The line "The sun shines and Kaspar is gone" suggests that life is ephemeral and impermanent, like the sun. The use of these metaphors emphasizes the theme of mortality and the transience of life.

The fourth stanza of the poem describes the futility of human existence. The line "Kaspar is dead and what does it matter?" suggests that human existence is ultimately meaningless and futile. The line "The earth turns and Kaspar is forgotten" suggests that human existence is insignificant in the grand scheme of things. The use of these metaphors emphasizes the theme of futility and the insignificance of human existence.

The structure of the poem is simple and straightforward, consisting of four stanzas of four lines each. The use of repetition in the first line of each stanza ("Kaspar is dead") creates a sense of rhythm and emphasizes the theme of mortality. The use of metaphors throughout the poem creates a vivid image of Kaspar's physical and spiritual decay, emphasizing the theme of mortality and the transience of life.

The poem also employs several literary devices, including metaphors, repetition, and imagery. The use of metaphors creates a vivid image of Kaspar's physical and spiritual decay, emphasizing the theme of mortality. The use of repetition in the first line of each stanza creates a sense of rhythm and emphasizes the theme of mortality. The use of imagery throughout the poem creates a vivid picture of Kaspar's decay and emphasizes the theme of mortality and the transience of life.

In conclusion, "Kaspar Is Dead" is a masterpiece of Surrealist poetry that explores the themes of mortality, decay, and the transience of life. The poem employs several literary devices, including metaphors, repetition, and imagery, to create a vivid image of Kaspar's physical and spiritual decay. The structure of the poem is simple and straightforward, consisting of four stanzas of four lines each, with the use of repetition creating a sense of rhythm and emphasizing the theme of mortality. Overall, "Kaspar Is Dead" is a powerful and thought-provoking poem that continues to resonate with readers today.

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