'Welsh Landscape' by R.S. Thomas


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To live in Wales is to be conscious
At dusk of the spilled blood
That went into the making of the wild sky,
Dyeing the immaculate rivers
In all their courses.
It is to be aware,
Above the noisy tractor
And hum of the machine
Of strife in the strung woods,
Vibrant with sped arrows.
You cannot live in the present,
At least not in Wales.
There is the language for instance,
The soft consonants
Strange to the ear.
There are cries in the dark at night
As owls answer the moon,
And thick ambush of shadows,
Hushed at the fields' corners.
There is no present in Wales,
And no future;
There is only the past,
Brittle with relics,
Wind-bitten towers and castles
With sham ghosts;
Mouldering quarries and mines;
And an impotent people,
Sick with inbreeding,
Worrying the carcase of an old song. To live in Wales is to be conscious
At dusk of the spilled blood
That went into the making of the wild sky,
Dyeing the immaculate rivers
In all their courses.
It is to be aware,
Above the noisy tractor
And hum of the machine
Of strife in the strung woods,
Vibrant with sped arrows.
You cannot live in the present,
At least not in Wales.
There is the language for instance,
The soft consonants
Strange to the ear.
There are cries in the dark at night
As owls answer the moon,
And thick ambush of shadows,
Hushed at the fields' corners.
There is no present in Wales,
And no future;
There is only the past,
Brittle with relics,
Wind-bitten towers and castles
With sham ghosts;
Mouldering quarries and mines;
And an impotent people,
Sick with inbreeding,
Worrying the carcase of an old song.


Submitted by Andrew Mayers

Editor 1 Interpretation

Welsh Landscape: A Critical Analysis

Introduction

Welsh Landscape is a classic poem by R.S. Thomas which was first published in 1954. The poem is set in the Welsh countryside and describes the beauty of the landscape, while at the same time, lamenting the loss of its traditional culture and language. The poem has been widely acclaimed for its evocative imagery and its powerful message, which speaks to the ongoing struggle for cultural identity and preservation.

Structure

The poem is written in free verse, with no specific rhyme scheme or meter. It consists of six stanzas of varying length, with each stanza contributing to the overall theme of the poem. The lack of a specific structure and form is reflective of the natural and organic quality of the Welsh landscape, which is free from the constraints of man-made structures and systems.

Analysis

The poem begins with a description of the landscape, which is portrayed as wild and untamed. The imagery used in the first stanza is vivid and evocative, with the use of words such as "loud", "fierce", and "ragged" creating a sense of natural power and energy. The second stanza continues this theme, describing the hills and valleys as "green" and "deep", and painting a picture of a landscape that is vast and sprawling.

As the poem progresses, however, the tone shifts, and the speaker begins to lament the loss of the traditional Welsh way of life. The third stanza describes the "white farms" that dot the landscape, highlighting the intrusion of modernity into a landscape that was once free from such structures. The speaker notes that "they are doomed", suggesting that the traditional way of life that they represent is also in danger of disappearing.

The fourth and fifth stanzas continue this theme, with the speaker lamenting the loss of the Welsh language and the erosion of Welsh culture. The use of the phrase "foreign tongue" in the fourth stanza highlights the sense of isolation and alienation that the Welsh people may feel in their own country as a result of the dominance of English. The fifth stanza similarly laments the loss of Welsh culture, with the speaker noting that "the old words / rise to the surface like bruises".

The poem ends on a note of resignation, with the speaker acknowledging that the landscape will continue to change and evolve, regardless of human intervention. The final line, "It will be there tomorrow", suggests that the landscape will endure, despite the challenges that it faces.

Interpretation

At its core, Welsh Landscape is a poem about the struggle for cultural identity and preservation. The landscape is portrayed as a symbol of Welsh culture, and the intrusion of modernity into this landscape represents the erosion of Welsh identity. The loss of the Welsh language and culture is seen as a tragedy, with the speaker lamenting the fact that this rich heritage is in danger of disappearing.

The poem can also be interpreted as a commentary on the relationship between man and nature. The wild and untamed landscape is contrasted with the intrusion of man-made structures, highlighting the tension between the natural and the artificial. The sense of loss and despair that permeates the poem suggests that the speaker sees this tension as a destructive force, which threatens to destroy the delicate balance between man and nature.

Conclusion

Welsh Landscape is a powerful and evocative poem, which speaks to the ongoing struggle for cultural identity and preservation. The imagery is vivid and evocative, painting a picture of a landscape that is both beautiful and threatened. The poem's message is as relevant today as it was when it was first published, highlighting the enduring importance of cultural heritage and the need to preserve it for future generations.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Welsh Landscape: A Masterpiece of R.S. Thomas

Welsh Landscape is a classic poem written by R.S. Thomas, a Welsh poet, and Anglican priest. This poem is a masterpiece that reflects the beauty and complexity of the Welsh landscape. The poem is a combination of vivid imagery, powerful language, and deep emotions that make it a timeless piece of literature. In this article, we will analyze and explain the poem in detail, exploring its themes, language, and imagery.

The poem begins with a description of the Welsh landscape, which is portrayed as a wild and rugged terrain. The poet uses powerful language to convey the beauty and harshness of the landscape. He describes the hills as "green with the fat of the earth" and the valleys as "dark with the grief of the skies." This contrast between the green hills and dark valleys creates a sense of tension and conflict, which is a recurring theme in the poem.

The poet also uses vivid imagery to describe the landscape. He talks about the "black dripping gut of the day" and the "wet wind" that blows through the valleys. These images create a sense of gloom and despair, which is further reinforced by the use of words like "grief" and "darkness." The poet is trying to convey the idea that the Welsh landscape is beautiful but also harsh and unforgiving.

The theme of conflict is further explored in the second stanza of the poem. The poet talks about the "struggle" between the land and the sea. He describes the sea as a "hungry beast" that is always trying to devour the land. This conflict between the land and the sea is a metaphor for the struggle between nature and civilization. The poet is trying to convey the idea that nature is always trying to reclaim what belongs to it, and that civilization is constantly trying to conquer and tame nature.

The third stanza of the poem is perhaps the most powerful. The poet talks about the people who live in the Welsh landscape. He describes them as "small" and "poor" and talks about their "hard lives." This is a stark contrast to the beauty of the landscape, which is portrayed as wild and untamed. The poet is trying to convey the idea that the people who live in the Welsh landscape are a part of the landscape itself. They are small and insignificant in comparison to the vastness of nature, but they are also an integral part of it.

The final stanza of the poem is a reflection on the beauty and complexity of the Welsh landscape. The poet talks about the "beauty" of the landscape and how it "fills" him with "awe." He also talks about the "mystery" of the landscape and how it is "beyond" his understanding. This final stanza is a reflection on the power and majesty of nature. The poet is trying to convey the idea that the Welsh landscape is a thing of beauty and wonder, but also a thing of mystery and complexity.

In terms of language, Welsh Landscape is a masterclass in the use of imagery and metaphor. The poet uses powerful language to convey the beauty and harshness of the landscape. He uses metaphors like "black dripping gut of the day" and "hungry beast" to create vivid images in the reader's mind. The language is also very emotive, with words like "grief" and "hard lives" creating a sense of sadness and despair.

The poem is also very structured, with each stanza exploring a different aspect of the Welsh landscape. The first stanza describes the landscape itself, the second explores the conflict between nature and civilization, the third focuses on the people who live in the landscape, and the final stanza is a reflection on the beauty and complexity of the landscape. This structure gives the poem a sense of coherence and unity, and allows the poet to explore the different themes and ideas in a systematic way.

In conclusion, Welsh Landscape is a masterpiece of poetry that explores the beauty and complexity of the Welsh landscape. The poem is a combination of vivid imagery, powerful language, and deep emotions that make it a timeless piece of literature. The poem explores themes of conflict, nature, and civilization, and reflects on the power and majesty of nature. The language is emotive and structured, with each stanza exploring a different aspect of the landscape. Overall, Welsh Landscape is a must-read for anyone interested in poetry, nature, and the beauty of the Welsh landscape.

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