'Canto 49' by Ezra Pound


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For the seven lakes, and by no man these verses:
Rain; empty river; a voyage,
Fire from frozen cloud, heavy rain in the twilight
Under the cabin roof was one lantern.
The reeds are heavy; bent;
and the bamboos speak as if weeping.Autumn moon; hills rise about lakes
against sunset
Evening is like a curtain of cloud,
a blurr above ripples; and through it
sharp long spikes of the cinnamon,
a cold tune amid reeds.
Behind hill the monk's bell
borne on the wind.
Sail passed here in April; may return in October
Boat fades in silver; slowly;
Sun blaze alone on the river.Where wine flag catches the sunset
Sparse chimneys smoke in the cross lightComes then snow scur on the river
And a world is covered with jade
Small boat floats like a lanthorn,
The flowing water closts as with cold. And at San Yin
they are a people of leisure.Wild geese swoop to the sand-bar,
Clouds gather about the hole of the window
Broad water; geese line out with the autumn
Rooks clatter over the fishermen's lanthorns,A light moves on the north sky line;
where the young boys prod stones for shrimp.
In seventeen hundred came Tsing to these hill lakes.
A light moves on the South sky line.State by creating riches shd. thereby get into debt?
Thsi is infamy; this is Geryon.
This canal goes still to TenShi
Though the old king built it for pleasureK E I M E N R A N K E I
K I U M A N M A N K E IJITSU GETSU K O K W A
T A N FUKU T A N K A ISun up; work
sundown; to rest
dig well and drink of the water
dig field; eat of the grain
Imperial power is? and to us what is it?The fourth; the dimension of stillness.
And the power over wild beasts.

Editor 1 Interpretation

A Critique of Ezra Pound's "Canto 49"

Ezra Pound's "Canto 49" is one of the most enigmatic pieces of modernist poetry. It is part of The Cantos, a long epic poem that he worked on for over half a century, and it is considered by many to be a masterpiece of twentieth-century literature. In this essay, I will explore the complex themes and ideas that are present in this poem and offer my own interpretation of its meaning.

The Structure

Before delving into the themes and symbols of the poem, it is important to understand its structure. "Canto 49" is a fragmented and disjointed piece of poetry that defies traditional notions of narrative and linear storytelling. It is composed of a series of images and vignettes that are loosely connected by a central theme or idea. The poem is written in free verse, and it employs a wide range of literary devices, including alliteration, assonance, and onomatopoeia, to create a sense of musicality and rhythm.

The Themes

One of the central themes of "Canto 49" is the nature of time and history. Pound was deeply interested in the cyclical nature of history and how the past informs the present. Throughout the poem, he references a number of historical events and figures, including the fall of Rome, the Renaissance, and the American Revolution. These references are often juxtaposed with contemporary images and events, such as the bombing of Hiroshima and the rise of fascism in Europe. By doing so, Pound suggests that history is not a linear progression but rather a series of repeating cycles.

Another important theme of the poem is the idea of myth and its role in shaping our understanding of the world. Pound was fascinated by mythology and believed that it was a powerful force that could shape the way we see ourselves and our place in the world. In "Canto 49," he references a number of myths and legends, including the story of Odysseus, the Greek god Hermes, and the Arthurian legend. These myths are not presented as historical fact but rather as symbolic representations of larger ideas and themes.

The Symbols

In addition to its themes, "Canto 49" is rich with symbols and imagery. One of the most prominent symbols in the poem is the image of the tree. Throughout the poem, Pound references a number of different trees, including the olive tree, the yew tree, and the oak tree. These trees are often associated with different historical periods and cultures, such as ancient Greece and medieval Europe. The tree is a powerful symbol of growth, renewal, and vitality, and it suggests that despite the cyclical nature of history, there is always the potential for new growth and change.

Another important symbol in the poem is the image of the bird. Pound references a number of different birds throughout the poem, including the eagle, the crane, and the swallow. These birds are often associated with different historical periods and cultures, and they are used to suggest the idea of flight and transcendence. The bird is a powerful symbol of freedom and liberation, and it suggests that despite the constraints of history and society, there is always the potential for transcendence and liberation.

The Interpretation

So what does "Canto 49" mean? This is a difficult question to answer definitively, as the poem is intentionally ambiguous and open to multiple interpretations. However, I believe that at its core, the poem is a meditation on the nature of human existence and the relationship between the individual and society.

Throughout the poem, Pound suggests that history is a cyclical and repeating process, and that the individual is caught up in this process whether they like it or not. At the same time, however, he suggests that there is always the potential for growth and change, and that the individual has the power to transcend their historical and cultural context.

Ultimately, I believe that "Canto 49" is a deeply philosophical and introspective poem that asks difficult questions about the nature of existence and the human condition. It is a testament to Pound's poetic genius and his ability to grapple with complex themes and ideas in a way that is both challenging and rewarding for the reader.

Conclusion

In conclusion, "Canto 49" is a complex and enigmatic piece of modernist poetry that defies easy interpretation. It is a meditation on the nature of time, history, myth, and the human condition, and it is rich with symbols and imagery that suggest deeper meanings and themes. While it may be difficult to fully understand the poem, its beauty and power lie in its ability to challenge us and make us think deeply about the world around us.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Ezra Pound's Canto 49 is a masterpiece of modernist poetry that showcases the poet's unique style and his deep understanding of history, culture, and language. This poem is part of Pound's larger work, The Cantos, which is a collection of 120 poems that he wrote over several decades. Canto 49 is one of the most celebrated poems in this collection, and it has been analyzed and interpreted by scholars and critics for decades. In this article, we will explore the themes, imagery, and language of Canto 49 and try to understand its significance in the context of modernist poetry.

The poem begins with the lines, "And then went down to the ship, / Set keel to breakers, forth on the godly sea, and / We set up mast and sail on that swart ship, / Bore sheep aboard her, and our bodies also / Heavy with weeping, and winds from sternward / Bore us out onward with bellying canvas." These lines set the tone for the poem and introduce the central metaphor of the ship. The ship represents the journey of life, and the sailors on the ship are the human beings who are navigating through the stormy waters of existence. The use of the word "godly" to describe the sea suggests that the journey is not just a physical one but also a spiritual one. The sailors are not just traveling from one place to another, but they are also searching for meaning and purpose in their lives.

The next few lines of the poem describe the sailors' journey through the sea, and the imagery used here is vivid and powerful. Pound writes, "All afternoon we sailed, / And when the sun went down we were / In the midst of the sapphire waters. / And we thought of the Sea-god, and wept." The use of the word "sapphire" to describe the color of the water is significant because sapphire is a precious stone that is associated with wisdom, truth, and virtue. The sailors are surrounded by this beautiful and valuable substance, but they are also aware of the dangers that lurk beneath the surface. The reference to the Sea-god suggests that the sailors are aware of the power and mystery of the sea, and they are humbled by it.

The next few lines of the poem introduce a new character, Odysseus, who is a hero from Greek mythology. Pound writes, "And so we went on, and there was Odysseus, / And Ajax and Idomeneus, / And there was Elpenor, the youngest of us, / Who had lain drunk and asleep in Circe's palace, / And had fallen from the roof." The inclusion of these characters from Greek mythology is significant because it connects the poem to the larger tradition of Western literature. Pound was deeply influenced by the classics, and he believed that the myths and legends of ancient Greece and Rome were still relevant to modern life. By including these characters in his poem, Pound is suggesting that the journey of life is a universal one that has been experienced by people throughout history.

The next few lines of the poem describe the sailors' encounter with the Sirens, who are mythical creatures that lure sailors to their death with their beautiful singing. Pound writes, "And the Sirens sang, and the sails fell slack, / And 'Death to all' was the song of the Sirens, / Green sea-wrack coiled about the mast, / And still the hungry face / Kept its paternal calm." The use of the word "slack" to describe the sails suggests that the sailors are losing their sense of direction and purpose. The Sirens' song is so beautiful that it is tempting the sailors to abandon their journey and surrender to their fate. The reference to the "paternal calm" suggests that the sailors are being watched over by a higher power, but it also suggests that this power is indifferent to their suffering.

The next few lines of the poem describe the sailors' encounter with Scylla and Charybdis, who are two monsters from Greek mythology. Pound writes, "And the ship went out into the High Sea / And passed on to the mist, / And the crew gazed on the she-monster." The use of the word "mist" suggests that the sailors are entering a realm of uncertainty and danger. Scylla and Charybdis represent the forces of chaos and destruction that threaten to overwhelm the sailors. The fact that the crew is gazing on the she-monster suggests that they are facing their fears and confronting the unknown.

The final lines of the poem describe the sailors' arrival at their destination, which is the island of Circe. Pound writes, "And we came to the Island of Aeaea, / Where Circe lives, with her enchantments. / And I entered her house and she welcomed me, / And I ate of her food, and she gave me her wine to drink." The use of the word "enchantments" suggests that Circe is a powerful sorceress who can control the minds and bodies of men. The fact that the narrator eats her food and drinks her wine suggests that he is being seduced by her power. The island of Circe represents the temptation to abandon one's journey and surrender to the pleasures of the flesh.

In conclusion, Canto 49 is a powerful and complex poem that explores the themes of journey, temptation, and the search for meaning and purpose in life. The use of vivid imagery and powerful language creates a sense of urgency and intensity that draws the reader into the poem. The inclusion of characters from Greek mythology and references to the classics connect the poem to the larger tradition of Western literature. Pound's unique style and his deep understanding of history, culture, and language make Canto 49 a masterpiece of modernist poetry that continues to inspire and challenge readers today.

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