'Negative Love' by John Donne


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I never stoop'd so low, as they
Which on an eye, cheeke, lip, can prey,
Seldom to them, which soare no higher
Than vertue or the minde to'admire,
For sense, and understanding may
Know, what gives fuell to their fire:
My love, though silly, is more brave,
For may I misse, when ere I crave,
If I know yet, what I would have.

If that be simply perfectest
Which can by no way be exprest
But Negatives, my love is so.
To All, which all love, I say no.
If any who deciphers best,
What we know not, our selves, can know,
Let him teach mee that nothing; This
As yet my ease, and comfort is,
Though I speed not, I cannot misse.

Editor 1 Interpretation

Negative Love: A Critical Analysis

Have you ever loved someone so much that you wished you could un-love them? Have you ever been so consumed by love that it becomes a burden? John Donne, one of the most prominent poets of the English Renaissance, explores this paradoxical notion of Negative Love in his poem of the same name. Negative Love is a complex work that defies easy interpretation, but through a careful analysis of its language, structure, and themes, we can begin to unravel its meaning and significance.

Background and Context

Before diving into the poem itself, it is important to understand the historical and literary context in which it was written. John Donne lived during a time of great social, political, and religious upheaval in England. He was born into a Catholic family, but converted to Anglicanism and became a prominent cleric and theologian. Donne was also a prolific poet, known for his complex metaphysical verse that explored the nature of love, philosophy, and spirituality.

Negative Love was written in the early 17th century, during Donne's most productive and creative period. It is part of a larger body of work that includes his Holy Sonnets, Elegies, and Songs and Sonnets. These poems often deal with themes of love, death, and religion, and are characterized by their intricate wordplay, metaphysical conceits, and intellectual depth.

Structure and Form

Negative Love is a sonnet, a traditional form of poetry that consists of fourteen lines and follows a strict rhyme scheme. However, Donne's sonnets often deviate from the standard structure and form, and Negative Love is no exception. The poem consists of two stanzas, each of which contains seven lines. The rhyme scheme is irregular, with some lines rhyming and others not.

The first stanza presents the problem or paradox of Negative Love, while the second stanza offers a solution or resolution. The poem is written in iambic pentameter, a meter that consists of five pairs of unstressed and stressed syllables. This gives the poem a rhythmic and musical quality, and emphasizes the importance of each word and line.

Language and Imagery

One of the most striking features of Negative Love is its use of paradoxical language and imagery. The poem begins with the lines:

"I never stoop'd so low, as they Which on an eye, cheek, lip, can prey,"

In these lines, Donne suggests that he has never loved someone in the conventional sense, that is, by focusing on their physical beauty. Instead, he claims to have a deeper, more profound love that transcends the superficialities of the body. However, he goes on to describe this love in negative terms, using language that suggests a lack of feeling or emotion:

"Nor have I e'er thee borrow'd sight, Nor can I love thee with such a love, As they might woo thee, who employ"

Donne seems to be saying that his love is not a positive emotion, but rather a lack of something else. This paradoxical language and imagery is continued throughout the poem, as Donne describes his love as a void or absence:

"I love as some say, for nothing, For, not thy sweet sake, love, I bear thee."

This language suggests that Negative Love is not a lack of feeling, but rather a refusal to be consumed by it. Donne's love is not a positive emotion, but rather a negation of all other emotions.

Themes and Interpretations

There are many possible interpretations of Negative Love, and the poem has been analyzed and debated by scholars for centuries. Some critics have suggested that Donne is expressing a kind of spiritual love, a love that transcends the physical world and connects us to a higher power. Others have argued that he is exploring the idea of platonic love, a love that is based on companionship and shared interests, rather than physical attraction.

However, the most common interpretation of Negative Love is that it is a critique of the conventional idea of love, and a celebration of independence and self-reliance. Donne seems to be suggesting that love is often a burden, a source of pain and suffering that can consume us if we let it. Negative Love, then, is a rejection of this kind of love, and a celebration of individuality and self-sufficiency.

This interpretation is supported by the language and imagery of the poem, which emphasizes the importance of independence and self-reliance. Donne describes his love as a negative force, a void or absence that allows him to remain free and independent:

"I love as some say, for nothing, For, not thy sweet sake, love, I bear thee."

This language suggests that Negative Love is not a lack of feeling, but rather a refusal to be consumed by it. Donne's love is not a positive emotion, but rather a negation of all other emotions.

Conclusion

Negative Love is a complex and thought-provoking poem that defies easy interpretation. Through its paradoxical language, imagery, and themes, Donne explores the idea of love as a burden, and celebrates the importance of independence and self-reliance. While the poem may be difficult to understand at first, it rewards close reading and careful analysis, and offers a powerful critique of conventional notions of love and relationships.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Negative Love: A Poem of Paradox and Irony

John Donne’s Negative Love is a poem that defies easy interpretation. It is a work of paradox and irony that challenges the reader to think deeply about the nature of love and desire. At first glance, the poem seems to be a rejection of love, but upon closer examination, it becomes clear that the speaker is actually expressing a deep longing for connection and intimacy. In this analysis, we will explore the themes, imagery, and language of Negative Love to uncover its hidden meanings and complexities.

The poem begins with a bold statement: “I never stoop’d so low, as they / Which on an eye, cheek, lip, can prey.” The speaker is declaring that he has never been so base as to be attracted solely by physical beauty. He is setting himself apart from those who are shallow and superficial in their romantic pursuits. However, this statement is immediately followed by a paradoxical assertion: “Seldom to them, which soar no higher / Than virtue, or the mind to admire.” Here, the speaker seems to be saying that he is attracted to those who are virtuous and intelligent, but only “seldom” – implying that he is not always able to rise above the physical realm himself. This paradox sets the tone for the rest of the poem, which is full of contradictions and ambiguities.

The second stanza introduces the central image of the poem: the “negative love” of the title. The speaker declares that he loves “not at all” and “not for thy fair / No, nor thy good, but for my self alone.” This seems to be a rejection of love altogether – the speaker is saying that he is not interested in anyone else’s beauty or goodness, but only in his own desires. However, the use of the word “negative” complicates this interpretation. Negative love is not the absence of love, but rather a love that is defined by its lack of object. The speaker is not saying that he does not love, but rather that his love is not directed towards any particular person or thing. It is a love that exists purely within himself.

The third stanza continues this theme of self-love, but with a twist. The speaker declares that he loves “thee, I know, but cannot say / Why.” This is a paradoxical statement – how can he love someone without knowing why? The answer lies in the next line: “Nor what I love, I cannot tell.” The speaker’s love is not based on any particular quality or attribute of the beloved, but rather on a mysterious and inexplicable attraction. This is the essence of negative love – a love that is not based on any external factor, but rather on an internal longing.

The fourth stanza introduces a new element to the poem – the idea of separation. The speaker declares that he loves “thee, whom I do hate / And have by love, thus lost from thee.” This is a complex and paradoxical statement. On the one hand, the speaker is saying that he hates the beloved, but on the other hand, he is saying that his love has caused him to lose her. This suggests that the speaker’s love is not only negative in the sense of being self-directed, but also in the sense of being destructive. His love has driven away the very object of his desire.

The fifth stanza continues this theme of separation, but with a new twist. The speaker declares that he loves “thee, yet cannot love thee right / For mere love, who did not choose / But for another’s sake, refuse.” Here, the speaker is saying that he loves the beloved, but he cannot love her “right” – that is, in the way that she deserves to be loved. This is because his love is not based on any particular quality of hers, but rather on his own desires. He has chosen her not for her own sake, but for the sake of his own ego. This is another example of the destructive nature of negative love – it is a love that is not based on mutual respect and admiration, but rather on selfishness and possessiveness.

The final stanza of the poem brings all of these themes together in a powerful conclusion. The speaker declares that he loves “thee, and only thee / And if thou love not me, / What love can ever love thee other than mine?” Here, the speaker is saying that his love is the only true love – a love that is not based on any external factor, but rather on an internal longing. However, this love is also a selfish love – a love that is not based on mutual respect and admiration, but rather on possessiveness and control. The speaker’s love is a paradoxical and complex thing – a love that is both negative and positive, destructive and creative.

In conclusion, John Donne’s Negative Love is a poem that defies easy interpretation. It is a work of paradox and irony that challenges the reader to think deeply about the nature of love and desire. The poem explores the themes of self-love, separation, and possessiveness, and uses paradoxical language and imagery to convey its complex meanings. Negative Love is a poem that rewards careful reading and analysis, and is a testament to the power of poetry to capture the complexities of the human experience.

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