'The Pearl' by George Herbert


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The Kingdom of heaven is like unto a merchant man,
seeking goodly pearls; who, when he had found one,
sold all that he had and bought it.—Matthew 13.45


I know the ways of Learning; both the head
And pipes that feed the press, and make it run;
What reason hath from nature borrowed,
Or of itself, like a good huswife, spun
In laws and policy; what the stars conspire,
What willing nature speaks, what forced by fire;
Both th' old discoveries, and the new-found seas,
The stock and surplus, cause and history:
All these stand open, or I have the keys:
Yet I love thee.

I know the ways of Honour, what maintains
The quick returns of courtesy and wit:
In vies of favours whether party gains,
When glory swells the heart, and moldeth it
To all expressions both of hand and eye,
Which on the world a true-love-knot may tie,
And bear the bundle, wheresoe'er it goes:
How many drams of spirit there must be
To sell my life unto my friends or foes:
Yet I love thee.

I know the ways of Pleasure, the sweet strains,
The lullings and the relishes of it;
The propositions of hot blood and brains;
What mirth and music mean; what love and wit
Have done these twenty hundred years, and more:
I know the projects of unbridled store:
My stuff is flesh, not brass; my senses live,
And grumble oft, that they have more in me
Than he that curbs them, being but one to five:
Yet I love thee.

I know all these, and have them in my hand:
Therefore not sealed, but with open eyes
I fly to thee, and fully understand
Both the main sale, and the commodities;
And at what rate and price I have thy love;
With all the circumstances that may move:
Yet through these labyrinths, not my grovelling wit,
But thy silk twist let down from heav'n to me,
Did both conduct and teach me, how by it
To climb to thee.

Editor 1 Interpretation

The Pearl: A Literary Criticism and Interpretation

The Pearl, written by George Herbert, is a timeless classic that has captivated readers for generations. This powerful work of poetry explores the depths of human emotion, faith, and the struggle for inner peace. In this literary criticism and interpretation, we will delve into the themes, symbols, and literary devices used in The Pearl and their significance in understanding the poem's meaning.

Background

The Pearl was written by George Herbert in the 17th century and is one of his most famous works. Herbert was a British poet and Anglican priest who is known for his religious poetry. The Pearl was published posthumously in 1633 in a collection of Herbert's poems called The Temple. The poem is a religious allegory that tells the story of a man who finds a precious pearl and how it transforms his life.

Themes

The Pearl explores several themes, including the quest for inner peace, the nature of sin, and the relationship between humanity and God.

Inner Peace

One of the central themes of The Pearl is the quest for inner peace. The speaker in the poem is searching for something that will bring him peace and happiness. He finds this peace in the pearl, which he describes as "a world of strife shut out." The pearl represents a state of contentment that the speaker longs for.

Sin

The Pearl also explores the nature of sin. The speaker in the poem is aware of his sinfulness and describes himself as "a tarnished frame." He acknowledges that he is imperfect and unworthy of God's love. However, he also believes that the pearl can cleanse him of his sins and make him pure again.

The Relationship Between Humanity and God

Finally, The Pearl explores the relationship between humanity and God. The pearl represents God's love and grace, which can transform even the most sinful person into a pure and worthy vessel for His love. The speaker in the poem longs for this relationship with God and believes that the pearl can bring him closer to Him.

Symbols

The Pearl uses several symbols to convey its themes and ideas.

The Pearl

The pearl is the most significant symbol in the poem. It represents inner peace, God's love and grace, and the transformation of the speaker. The pearl is described as "a world of strife shut out," meaning that it can provide the speaker with the peace and contentment that he is searching for. It is also a symbol of God's love and grace, which can cleanse the speaker of his sins and make him pure again.

The Oyster

The oyster that produces the pearl is also a symbol in the poem. It represents the hardship and struggle that the speaker must endure to find the pearl. The oyster is also a symbol of the speaker's sinfulness, as it is a creature that lives in the depths of the sea, a symbol of darkness and sin.

The Sea

The sea is another symbol in the poem. It represents the vastness of God's love and the depths of the speaker's sinfulness. The sea is also a symbol of the journey that the speaker must undertake to find the pearl.

Literary Devices

The Pearl uses several literary devices to convey its themes and ideas.

Alliteration

One literary device used in The Pearl is alliteration. Alliteration is the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words. For example, in the line "With drops of frozen dew which like pearls lay," the repetition of the "d" sound creates a musical effect that adds to the beauty of the poem.

Metaphor

The Pearl also uses metaphor, which is a literary device that compares two things to create a deeper meaning. For example, the pearl is a metaphor for God's love and grace, which can transform the speaker from a tarnished frame to something pure and beautiful.

Personification

Personification is another literary device used in The Pearl. Personification is the attribution of human qualities to non-human objects or animals. In the line "The sea, which seems to kiss the golden sky," the sea is personified as having the ability to kiss, which adds to the beauty and imagery of the poem.

Interpretation

The Pearl is a complex poem that can be interpreted in several ways. One interpretation of the poem is that it is a religious allegory that tells the story of a man who finds God's love and grace and is transformed by it. The pearl represents God's love and grace, which can cleanse the speaker of his sins and make him pure again. The oyster represents the speaker's struggle and hardship in finding the pearl, while the sea represents the vastness of God's love and the depths of the speaker's sinfulness.

Another interpretation of the poem is that it is a meditation on the human condition. The speaker in the poem is searching for inner peace and happiness, which are universal desires. The pearl represents the state of contentment that the speaker is searching for, while the oyster represents the struggle and hardship that must be endured to find it. The sea represents the vastness of the human soul and the depths of its desires and longings.

Conclusion

The Pearl is a timeless classic that explores the depths of human emotion, faith, and the struggle for inner peace. Through its use of themes, symbols, and literary devices, the poem conveys powerful messages about the relationship between humanity and God, the nature of sin, and the quest for inner peace. Whether read as a religious allegory or a meditation on the human condition, The Pearl is a moving work of poetry that continues to resonate with readers today.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

The Pearl: A Masterpiece of Metaphysical Poetry

George Herbert, the 17th-century English poet, is renowned for his metaphysical poetry that explores the complex relationship between God and man. His poem "The Pearl" is a masterpiece of this genre, which uses the metaphor of a pearl to convey the spiritual journey of a soul seeking divine love and salvation. In this article, we will analyze and explain the poem's themes, structure, language, and imagery, and explore its relevance to contemporary readers.

The poem consists of 146 lines divided into seven stanzas, each with a distinct rhyme scheme and meter. The first stanza sets the tone and introduces the central metaphor of the pearl. The speaker, who represents the soul, describes his quest for a precious pearl that he has heard of but never seen. He sets out on a perilous journey, leaving behind his worldly possessions and comforts, and braving the dangers of the sea and the desert. The pearl symbolizes the ultimate goal of the soul's journey, which is to attain divine love and union with God.

The second stanza describes the soul's encounter with a merchant who offers him a glimpse of the pearl but demands a high price for it. The merchant represents the worldly temptations and distractions that hinder the soul's progress towards God. The soul realizes that he cannot afford the pearl with his earthly wealth and must seek a higher source of value and worth.

The third stanza introduces the figure of Christ, who appears as a guide and mentor to the soul. Christ offers the soul a new perspective on the value of the pearl, which is not measured by its external beauty or market price but by its intrinsic worth and spiritual significance. Christ teaches the soul that the pearl is a symbol of his own love and sacrifice, which he offers freely to all who seek it.

The fourth stanza depicts the soul's struggle to let go of his worldly attachments and desires and embrace the spiritual path. The soul realizes that he must surrender his ego, pride, and selfishness, and submit to the will of God. He must also endure the trials and tribulations of the spiritual journey, which may include doubts, fears, and temptations. The soul's struggle represents the human condition of sin and separation from God, which can only be overcome by faith and grace.

The fifth stanza portrays the soul's gradual transformation as he draws closer to the pearl and Christ. The soul experiences a sense of peace, joy, and fulfillment that surpasses any worldly pleasure or achievement. He also gains a deeper understanding of the nature of God and his own identity as a beloved child of God. The soul's transformation represents the process of sanctification, which involves the purification and renewal of the soul by the Holy Spirit.

The sixth stanza culminates in the soul's vision of the pearl and Christ, which fills him with awe and wonder. The soul realizes that the pearl is not a mere object but a living symbol of the divine love that Christ embodies. The soul also recognizes that he is not separate from Christ but united with him in a mystical union of love. The vision of the pearl and Christ represents the mystical experience of union with God, which transcends human language and comprehension.

The seventh and final stanza concludes the poem with a prayer of gratitude and humility. The soul acknowledges his unworthiness and sinfulness but also expresses his faith and hope in God's mercy and grace. The soul asks God to help him persevere in his spiritual journey and to grant him the ultimate reward of eternal life and union with God. The prayer represents the culmination of the soul's journey and the beginning of a new phase of spiritual growth and service.

The language and imagery of the poem are rich and complex, reflecting Herbert's mastery of metaphysical poetry. The use of the pearl as a metaphor is particularly effective, as it conveys multiple layers of meaning and associations. The pearl represents not only the ultimate goal of the soul's journey but also the divine love and sacrifice of Christ, the hidden treasure of the Gospel, and the spiritual riches of the Christian faith. The pearl also evokes the biblical images of the pearl of great price, the pearl gates of heaven, and the pearl of wisdom.

The poem also employs a range of poetic devices, such as alliteration, assonance, metaphor, simile, paradox, and pun. For example, the alliteration of "perilous passage" and "priceless pearl" in the first stanza creates a sense of tension and anticipation. The simile of the pearl as a "sea-born stone" in the second stanza emphasizes its natural beauty and rarity. The paradox of "sell all and buy" in the third stanza challenges the conventional wisdom of materialism and consumerism. The pun of "pearl in the shell" in the sixth stanza plays on the double meaning of the pearl as both a physical object and a spiritual symbol.

The poem's themes of spiritual journey, divine love, and mystical union are timeless and universal, and resonate with readers of all ages and cultures. The poem invites us to reflect on our own spiritual quest and to seek the pearl of great price that lies within us and beyond us. The poem also challenges us to overcome the obstacles and distractions that hinder our progress towards God and to embrace the path of faith and grace. The poem inspires us to deepen our relationship with Christ and to experience the joy and peace of his love.

In conclusion, "The Pearl" is a masterpiece of metaphysical poetry that explores the spiritual journey of a soul seeking divine love and salvation. The poem's central metaphor of the pearl conveys multiple layers of meaning and associations, and the language and imagery are rich and complex. The poem's themes of spiritual journey, divine love, and mystical union are timeless and universal, and the poem invites us to reflect on our own spiritual quest and to seek the pearl of great price. The poem is a testament to Herbert's poetic genius and his deep faith in God, and it continues to inspire and challenge readers today.

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