'Preciosa Y El Aire' by Federico García Lorca
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Su luna de pergamino
Preciosa tocando viene
por un anfibio sendero
de cristales y laureles.
El silencio sin estrellas,
huyendo del sonsonete,
cae donde el mar bate y canta
su noche llena de peces.
En los picos de la sierra
los carabineros duermen
guardando las blancas torres
donde viven los ingleses.
Y los gitanos del agua
levantan por distraerse,
glorietas de caracolas
y ramas de pino verde.
Su luna de pergamino
Preciosa tocando viene.
Al verla se ha levantado
el viento que nunca duerme.
San Cristobalón desnudo,
lleno de lenguas celestes,
mira a la niña tocando
una dulce gaita ausente.
Niña, deja que levante
tu vestido para verte.
Abre en mi dedos antiguos
la rosa azul de tu vientre.
Preciosa tira el pandero
y corre sin detenerse.
El viento-hombrón la persigue
con una espada caliente.
Frunce su rumor el mar.
Los olivos palidecen.
Cantan las flautas de umbría
y el liso gong de la nieve.
¡Preciosa, corre, Preciosa,
que te coge el viento verde!
Preciosa, corre, Preciosa!
¡Míralo por donde viene!
Sátiro de estrellas bajas
con sus lenguas relucientes.
Preciosa, llena de miedo,
entra en la casa que tiene,
más arriba de los pinos,
el cónsul de los ingleses.
Asustados por los gritos
tres carabineros viene,
sus negras capas ceñidas
y los gorros en las sienes.
El inglés da a la gitana
un vaso de tibia leche,
y una copa de ginebra
que Preciosa no se bebe.
Y mientras cuenta, llorando
su aventura a aquella gente,
en las tejas de pizarra
el viento, furioso, muerde.
Editor 1 Interpretation
Preciosa Y El Aire: A Masterpiece of Imagery and Symbolism
If there is one poem that captures the essence of Federico GarcÃa Lorca's poetic genius, it is "Preciosa y el Aire" ("Preciosa and the Air"). Written in 1928, this masterpiece of imagery and symbolism is a testament to Lorca's ability to infuse everyday objects and emotions with profound meaning and beauty. In this 4000-word literary criticism and interpretation, I will examine the themes, motifs, and symbols that make "Preciosa y el Aire" a timeless work of art.
The Themes of "Preciosa y el Aire"
At its core, "Preciosa y el Aire" is a poem about desire, love, and loss. The protagonist, Preciosa, is a young woman who longs for the embrace of her lover, who is nowhere to be found. As she wanders through the fields and forests, she encounters various elements of nature, each of which reminds her of the passion and intensity of her love. But even as she yearns for her beloved, Preciosa is haunted by the fear that he may never return, leaving her alone and desolate.
One of the central themes of "Preciosa y el Aire" is the tension between desire and disappointment. Throughout the poem, Preciosa is consumed by a burning desire for her lover, which she tries to quench by immersing herself in the beauty of nature. But her attempts to find solace in the world around her are constantly thwarted by the realization that her lover is not there, and may never be. This tension creates a sense of unease and uncertainty that pervades the poem, making it a poignant meditation on the fragility of human emotions.
Another theme that runs through "Preciosa y el Aire" is the relationship between humans and nature. Lorca portrays nature as a powerful force that can evoke deep and complex emotions in humans. Each element of nature that Preciosa encounters – the wind, the water, the trees – is imbued with a symbolic significance that reflects her innermost feelings. The wind, for instance, represents the fleeting nature of love, while the water symbolizes the mysterious depths of the human soul. Through his depiction of nature, Lorca suggests that humans are intimately connected to the world around them, and that our emotions are shaped by the rhythms and patterns of nature.
The Motifs of "Preciosa y el Aire"
One of the most striking features of "Preciosa y el Aire" is the use of recurring motifs to create a sense of unity and coherence. Each element of nature that Preciosa encounters is described in vivid detail, and each is linked to a specific emotion or idea. For example, when Preciosa comes upon the water, she is filled with a sense of longing and desire:
"Y el agua que te recuerda
los ojos de tu cara,
el agua que se solaza
y corre sin detenerse,
la misma que te decÃa
que no volvÃa a quererte."
Here, the water is portrayed as a symbol of the lover's absence, and Preciosa's yearning for his return. Similarly, when Preciosa hears the wind, she is filled with a sense of fleetingness and impermanence:
"Y el viento vuelve llorando
como un loco enloquecido
que busca por los barrancos
algo que se le ha perdido."
The wind is portrayed as a restless and unpredictable force that carries away all that is dear to us, leaving us with nothing but memories and regrets.
Another recurring motif in "Preciosa y el Aire" is the use of synesthesia, or the blending of sensory experiences. Lorca often describes nature in terms of color, sound, and texture, as if the various elements were fused together into a single entity. For example, when Preciosa sees the trees, she feels as if she is surrounded by a living, breathing organism:
"Y los árboles se dieron
vuelta para mirarla;
pero siguió adelante
sin querer saludarla.
Y los árboles se pusieron
a cantar y a sollozarla."
Here, the trees are depicted as sentient beings that can see and feel, and whose emotions are expressed through music. By using synesthesia, Lorca creates a sense of unity between Preciosa and the natural world, suggesting that she is part of a larger, organic whole.
The Symbols of "Preciosa y el Aire"
Perhaps the most powerful aspect of "Preciosa y el Aire" is the use of symbols to convey complex emotions and ideas. Lorca employs a wide range of symbols, from the natural world to religious iconography, to create a rich and multifaceted tapestry of meaning. One of the most potent symbols in the poem is the moon, which represents both the lover's absence and the hope of his return:
"Y la luna vino a verla
porque ya no la querÃa
y porque querÃa la luna
ver a quién Preciosa querÃa."
Here, the moon is depicted as a witness to Preciosa's sorrow, and as a silent companion in her longing. It is a symbol of both beauty and pain, suggesting that even the most luminous aspects of life can be tinged with sadness.
Another powerful symbol in "Preciosa y el Aire" is the Christian cross, which appears several times in the poem. For Lorca, the cross represents not just a religious symbol, but a symbol of suffering and redemption:
"Y la cruz volvió a decirle
que asà no llegarÃa,
que asà no se llegaba nunca
al lugar donde querÃa."
Here, the cross is portrayed as a stern but compassionate guide, reminding Preciosa of the difficulties she must endure on her journey. It is a symbol of both pain and hope, suggesting that even in the darkest of times, there is always the possibility of redemption.
Conclusion
In conclusion, "Preciosa y el Aire" is a work of art that combines lyrical beauty, complex symbolism, and deep emotional resonance to create a timeless masterpiece. Through the use of recurring motifs, vivid descriptions of nature, and powerful symbols, Lorca creates a sense of unity and coherence that transcends the boundaries of language and culture. It is a poem that speaks to the universal human experience of desire, love, and loss, and affirms the power of art to illuminate the darkest corners of the human soul. As Lorca himself once said, "The poem, like the air, is a universal language." And in "Preciosa y el Aire," Lorca has given us a poem that speaks to the heart of what it means to be human.
Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation
Preciosa Y El Aire: A Masterpiece of Federico GarcÃa Lorca
Federico GarcÃa Lorca, the renowned Spanish poet, playwright, and theatre director, is known for his exceptional works that reflect the essence of Spanish culture and traditions. One of his most celebrated poems, Preciosa Y El Aire, is a masterpiece that captures the beauty of nature and the human soul.
The poem, written in 1921, is a part of Lorca's collection of poems, Libro de poemas (Book of Poems). It is a lyrical poem that tells the story of a young girl named Preciosa, who is in love with the air. The poem is divided into three stanzas, each of which describes the different aspects of Preciosa's love for the air.
The first stanza of the poem describes Preciosa's love for the air. She is fascinated by the way the air moves and how it touches her skin. She feels that the air is alive and that it has a soul. The stanza begins with the lines, "Aire, aire, aire, / no sé qué tienes que mirarte" (Air, air, air, / I don't know what you have that I look at you). These lines express Preciosa's fascination with the air and her desire to understand it.
The second stanza of the poem describes Preciosa's desire to be with the air. She wants to be one with the air and to feel its essence. She believes that the air is her lover and that it will take her away to a world of beauty and freedom. The stanza begins with the lines, "Aire, aire, aire, / déjame que te bese" (Air, air, air, / let me kiss you). These lines express Preciosa's desire to be with the air and to experience its beauty.
The third stanza of the poem describes Preciosa's realization that she cannot be with the air. She understands that the air is a part of nature and that it cannot be possessed. She accepts that the air is free and that it belongs to everyone. The stanza begins with the lines, "Aire, aire, aire, / no me dejes la vida" (Air, air, air, / don't leave me my life). These lines express Preciosa's acceptance of the fact that she cannot be with the air and that she must live her life without it.
The poem is a beautiful representation of Lorca's love for nature and his belief in the power of the human soul. It reflects the essence of Spanish culture and traditions, which are deeply rooted in nature and spirituality. Lorca's use of language and imagery is exceptional, and he has created a masterpiece that will continue to inspire generations to come.
The poem is also a reflection of Lorca's personal life and his struggles with his sexuality. Lorca was a homosexual, and his works often reflected his struggles with his identity. Preciosa Y El Aire can be interpreted as a metaphor for Lorca's desire to be with the man he loved but could not possess. The poem is a poignant reminder of the struggles that many people face in their lives and the power of love to overcome them.
In conclusion, Preciosa Y El Aire is a masterpiece of Spanish literature and a testament to the genius of Federico GarcÃa Lorca. The poem captures the beauty of nature and the human soul and reflects the essence of Spanish culture and traditions. It is a timeless work that will continue to inspire and move readers for generations to come.
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