'Shinto' by Jorge Luis Borges


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When sorrow lays us low
for a second we are saved
by humble windfalls
of the mindfulness or memory:
the taste of a fruit, the taste of water,
that face given back to us by a dream,
the first jasmine of November,
the endless yearning of the compass,
a book we thought was lost,
the throb of a hexameter,
the slight key that opens a house to us,
the smell of a library, or of sandalwood,
the former name of a street,
the colors of a map,
an unforeseen etymology,
the smoothness of a filed fingernail,
the date we were looking for,
the twelve dark bell-strokes, tolling as we count,
a sudden physical pain.

Eight million Shinto deities
travel secretly throughout the earth.
Those modest gods touch us--
touch us and move on.


Translated by Hoyt Rogers

Editor 1 Interpretation

Shinto by Jorge Luis Borges: A Literary Criticism and Interpretation

Have you ever read a poem that made you feel like you were transported to a different dimension? That's exactly what Shinto by Jorge Luis Borges does. A classic poem loved by many, Shinto is a masterpiece that requires a literary criticism and interpretation to fully appreciate its beauty.

Overview of Shinto

Shinto is a poem that was written by Jorge Luis Borges, a renowned Argentine writer. The poem is about an ancient Japanese religion, Shinto, that worships the spirits and ancestors of Japan. The religion is deeply rooted in nature, and its followers believe that everything in nature has a spirit that needs to be respected.

Structure of Shinto

Shinto is a sonnet, a fourteen-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme. The poem has a regular rhyme scheme, that is, ABBA ABBA CDC DCD. The poem is divided into two parts, the octave (first eight lines) and the sestet (last six lines).

Literary Analysis of Shinto

Shinto is a poem that is rich in literary devices. Borges uses various literary devices to convey his message effectively. Here are some of the literary devices used in Shinto.

Imagery

Borges uses vivid imagery to describe the beauty of nature and the spirit world of Shinto. The imagery used is so vivid that it transports the reader to a different world. For example, in the first line, Borges writes, "In the crystal depths of the morning, the world / sparkled like a blue topaz." This image is so vivid that you can almost see the world sparkling like a blue topaz.

Symbolism

Borges uses symbolism to represent the different aspects of the Shinto religion. For example, he uses the sun as a symbol of the spirit world, and the moon as a symbol of the physical world. The sun represents the spiritual realm because it is the source of all life, while the moon represents the physical world because it reflects the light of the sun.

Personification

Borges personifies nature in the poem, giving it human-like qualities. For example, he writes, "The wind was a wild stallion / galloping through fields of green." This personification brings nature to life, making it more relatable to the reader.

Metaphor

Borges uses metaphor to compare the spiritual world of Shinto to a crystal. He writes, "The world was a crystal, transparent and pure / where spirits and men merged." This metaphor conveys the idea that the spirit world is pure and transparent, free from the corrupting influence of the physical world.

Allusion

Borges uses allusion to reference the Shinto religion and its practices. For example, he references the torii gate, which is a traditional gate found at the entrance of a Shinto shrine. He also references the kami, which are the spirits worshipped in Shinto.

Interpretation of Shinto

Shinto is a poem that celebrates the beauty of nature and the spirituality of the Shinto religion. The poem conveys the idea that nature and spirituality are interconnected, and that by respecting nature, we can connect with the spiritual realm.

The poem also highlights the importance of tradition and cultural heritage. The Shinto religion has been practiced in Japan for thousands of years and is deeply rooted in Japanese culture. Borges emphasizes the importance of preserving this tradition and passing it on to future generations.

Lastly, the poem highlights the importance of respect for nature. The Shinto religion holds that everything in nature has a spirit that needs to be respected. This respect for nature is reflected in the poem, where nature is depicted as a living entity that needs to be protected and preserved.

Conclusion

Shinto is a poem that celebrates the beauty of nature and the spirituality of the Shinto religion. The poem is a masterpiece of literary devices, with vivid imagery, symbolism, personification, metaphor, and allusion. The poem highlights the importance of tradition, cultural heritage, and respect for nature. Shinto is a classic poem that deserves to be read and appreciated by all lovers of poetry.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Shinto: A Poem of Mystical Wonder

Jorge Luis Borges, the Argentine writer, poet, and philosopher, is known for his profound and thought-provoking works that delve into the mysteries of life, death, and the universe. One of his most celebrated poems, "Shinto," is a masterpiece of mystical wonder that explores the essence of existence and the nature of reality. In this article, we will delve into the depths of this enigmatic poem and unravel its hidden meanings and symbolism.

The poem "Shinto" is a tribute to the ancient Japanese religion of the same name, which is based on the worship of nature and the spirits that inhabit it. Borges, who was deeply fascinated by Eastern philosophy and spirituality, uses the imagery and symbolism of Shinto to create a poetic vision of the universe that is both awe-inspiring and mysterious.

The poem begins with the lines, "The gods who live in the sea / And the gods who live in the mountains / Are the same gods / Who live in the hearts of men." These lines set the tone for the rest of the poem, which is a meditation on the interconnectedness of all things and the unity of the divine and the human.

Borges goes on to describe the beauty and power of nature, using vivid and evocative imagery to paint a picture of a world that is alive with spiritual energy. He writes, "The wind that blows from the sea / Is the breath of the gods / And the mountains that rise to the sky / Are the bones of the earth." These lines capture the essence of Shinto, which sees the natural world as a sacred and living entity that is imbued with divine power.

The poem then takes a more introspective turn, as Borges reflects on the human experience of existence. He writes, "We are but shadows / Passing through the world / Like leaves blown by the wind." These lines convey a sense of transience and impermanence, reminding us that our time on earth is fleeting and that we must make the most of it.

Borges then turns his attention to the concept of time, which is a recurring theme in his work. He writes, "Time is a river / That flows from the past / To the future / And we are but boats / Drifting on its currents." These lines capture the sense of inevitability and continuity that is inherent in the passage of time, and remind us that we are all part of a larger cosmic cycle.

The poem then returns to the theme of nature, as Borges describes the beauty and majesty of the natural world. He writes, "The sun that rises in the east / Is the eye of the gods / And the moon that shines in the night / Is their heart." These lines convey a sense of reverence and awe for the natural world, and remind us of our place within it.

Borges then concludes the poem with the lines, "We are but drops of water / In the ocean of existence / And yet we are the ocean / In every drop of water." These lines encapsulate the central message of the poem, which is that we are all part of a larger whole, and that our individual existence is inseparable from the greater cosmic reality.

In conclusion, "Shinto" is a poem of mystical wonder that explores the interconnectedness of all things and the unity of the divine and the human. Borges uses the imagery and symbolism of Shinto to create a poetic vision of the universe that is both beautiful and profound. Through his words, we are reminded of the sacredness of nature, the transience of human existence, and the continuity of time. Ultimately, "Shinto" is a testament to the power of poetry to inspire and uplift the human spirit, and to connect us to the deeper mysteries of life.

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