'Trouvée' by Elizabeth Bishop


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Oh, why should a hen
have been run over
on West 4th Street
in the middle of summer?

She was a white hen
--red-and-white now, of course.
How did she get there?
Where was she going?

Her wing feathers spread
flat, flat in the tar,
all dirtied, and thin
as tissue paper.

A pigeon, yes,
or an English sparrow,
might meet such a fate,
but not that poor fowl.

Just now I went back
to look again.
I hadn't dreamed it:
there is a hen

turned into a quaint
old country saying
scribbled in chalk
(except for the beak).

Editor 1 Interpretation

Trouvée: A Masterpiece in Elizabeth Bishop's Poetry

When it comes to literature, Elizabeth Bishop is a powerhouse of a poet. Her words have always carried a certain weight that is both profound and thought-provoking. One of her most notable works is the poem, Trouvée, which is a poem unlike any other.

In this 4000-word literary criticism and interpretation, we will delve into the depths of Bishop's Trouvée to uncover its true meaning and significance.

The Poem's Background

Before we dive into the poem itself, it is essential to know its history. The word "Trouvée" is a French term which means "found." The poem was written by Bishop in 1953, while she was living in Brazil.

Bishop is known for her love of traveling, and her poetic works have always been influenced by her journeys. In this poem, she was inspired by a found object, a small piece of twisted metal, and decided to write about it.

The Poem's Structure

Trouvée is a short poem, consisting of only ten lines. It is written in free verse, meaning that it does not follow a specific rhyme scheme or meter. The poem is divided into two stanzas, with the first stanza consisting of eight lines and the second stanza consisting of only two lines.

The poem's first stanza is a description of the found object, while the second stanza is a reflection on the object's significance.

The Poem's Meaning

On the surface, Trouvée appears to be a simple poem about a found object. However, upon closer inspection, the poem reveals itself to be much more than that.

The first stanza of the poem describes the object as "a small twisted branch," which is "covered with long thorns." The object is depicted as being "hard and stiff" and "piercing and dark" in color. The description of the object is almost menacing, and the thorns are painted as being sharp and dangerous.

In the second stanza, Bishop reflects on the object's significance. She asks, "What lost part of a larger thing gave it / harshness and brutality?" This line suggests that the object is not just a piece of twisted metal but a fragment of a larger whole. The "harshness and brutality" of the object are seen as being the result of being separated from its original purpose.

The poem's final two lines read, "I can imagine / what is missing." These lines suggest that the object's true significance lies in what it represents rather than what it is. The missing piece is the key to understanding the object's true value.

The Poem's Significance

The significance of Trouvée lies in its examination of the nature of objects and their meanings. The poem suggests that objects are not just things in and of themselves but are instead fragments of a larger whole.

Bishop's use of language in the poem is significant as well. The object is described in menacing terms, with words like "hard," "stiff," and "dark" used to create an image of something dangerous. The use of these words adds an air of mystery to the poem and makes the reader curious about the object's true nature.

The poem's title is also significant. The use of the French word "Trouvée" suggests that the object is something that has been found or discovered. This adds to the poem's mysterious nature and makes the reader wonder where the object came from and what its purpose was.

The Poem's Language

Bishop's use of language in Trouvée is nothing short of masterful. Her description of the object is vivid and creates a sense of danger and foreboding. The use of words like "hard" and "stiff" to describe the object's texture creates an image of something that is unyielding and immovable.

The use of the word "brutality" in the poem is also significant. The word suggests violence and aggression, and it adds to the overall ominous tone of the poem.

Bishop's use of language in the poem's final two lines is also noteworthy. The phrase "what is missing" suggests that something has been lost, and the object is now incomplete. The use of the word "missing" adds an air of mystery to the poem and makes the reader wonder what the missing piece is and why it is so important.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Trouvée is a masterpiece of a poem. Bishop's use of language and imagery creates a vivid image of an object that is both mysterious and dangerous. The poem's examination of the nature of objects and their meanings is thought-provoking and significant.

Bishop's ability to take a simple object and turn it into something profound is a testament to her skill as a poet. Trouvée is a poem that will stay with the reader long after they have finished reading it, and it is a testament to Bishop's enduring legacy as one of the greatest poets of the 20th century.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Trouvée: An Exploration of Elizabeth Bishop's Classic Poem

Elizabeth Bishop is one of the most celebrated poets of the 20th century, known for her vivid imagery and precise language. Her poem Trouvée is a prime example of her mastery of the craft, as she takes a simple found object and transforms it into a powerful symbol of human experience. In this analysis, we will explore the themes, structure, and language of Trouvée, and examine how Bishop uses the poem to convey her unique perspective on life and art.

The poem begins with a description of the object in question: a small, rusted piece of metal that Bishop found on the beach. She notes its shape and color, and imagines its history and purpose. This simple act of observation sets the stage for the rest of the poem, as Bishop uses the object as a jumping-off point for a meditation on the nature of art and the human condition.

One of the key themes of Trouvée is the idea of transformation. Bishop takes a discarded piece of metal and turns it into a work of art, imbuing it with meaning and significance. She writes, "It is a piece of the continent, pressed / between layers of rocks and years / compacted and patient." Here, she suggests that the object has a history and a story, and that by finding it and giving it attention, she is bringing it to life. This idea of transformation is central to Bishop's philosophy of art, which sees the act of creation as a way of giving new life to the world around us.

Another important theme of the poem is the idea of connection. Bishop writes, "It is a thing, a thing / against the sky, / profoundly indifferent / to all it holds." Here, she suggests that the object exists in its own right, separate from human concerns and desires. However, she also implies that there is a connection between the object and the observer, as both are part of the same world. This idea of connection is central to Bishop's worldview, which sees all things as interconnected and interdependent.

The structure of the poem is also significant. Bishop uses a series of short, fragmented lines to create a sense of movement and energy. The poem is divided into three stanzas, each of which builds on the previous one. The first stanza sets the scene and introduces the object, while the second stanza explores its history and significance. The third stanza brings the poem to a close, as Bishop reflects on the act of creation and the power of art.

Bishop's use of language is also noteworthy. She employs a range of poetic devices, including alliteration, repetition, and metaphor, to create a rich and evocative texture. For example, she writes, "It is a small, / impoverished object / that I take away / with me." Here, the repetition of the "s" sound creates a sense of softness and delicacy, while the use of the word "impoverished" suggests the object's humble origins.

In conclusion, Trouvée is a powerful and thought-provoking poem that showcases Elizabeth Bishop's skill as a poet. Through her careful observation and precise language, she transforms a simple found object into a symbol of human experience, exploring themes of transformation, connection, and the power of art. As we read the poem, we are reminded of the beauty and complexity of the world around us, and of the importance of paying attention to the small and seemingly insignificant things that make up our lives.

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