'When You Are Old' by William Butler Yeats


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WHEN you are old and grey and full of sleep,
And nodding by the fire, take down this book,
And slowly read, and dream of the soft look
Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;
How many loved your moments of glad grace,
And loved your beauty with love false or true,
But one man loved the pilgrim Soul in you,
And loved the sorrows of your changing face;
And bending down beside the glowing bars,
Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fled
And paced upon the mountains overhead
And hid his face amid a crowd of stars.


Editor 1 Interpretation

A Closer Look at "When You Are Old" by William Butler Yeats

Have you ever read a poem that captured your heart and soul right from the first line? That's precisely how I felt when I first read "When You Are Old" by William Butler Yeats. This classic poem may be short and simple, but it carries a powerful message that resonates with readers of all ages.

In this literary criticism and interpretation, we will dive deeper into the meaning and significance of "When You Are Old," examining its themes, symbolism, and poetic devices. So grab a cup of tea and let's explore one of the most beautiful poems in the English language.

Background

Before we dissect the poem, let's take a moment to appreciate the background behind it. "When You Are Old" was written by Yeats in 1891, when he was just 26 years old. The poem was part of his collection "The Rose," which was published in 1893. As the title suggests, the collection was inspired by Yeats' unrequited love for Maud Gonne, a beautiful Irish revolutionary who rejected his marriage proposal.

"When You Are Old" was written during a particularly painful period in Yeats' life, as he watched Gonne marry another man and start a family. The poem is, therefore, a reflection of Yeats' regret and longing for a love that might have been. The speaker in the poem is an older man who is addressing an old flame, reminding her of the love they once shared.

Themes

At its core, "When You Are Old" is a poem about the fleeting nature of youth and beauty, and the regret that comes with lost opportunities. The poem is a warning to the beloved, urging her not to waste her life on frivolous pursuits, but to remember the deep love she once shared with the speaker.

The theme of lost love and regret is a common one in literature, but what sets "When You Are Old" apart is its message of self-reflection and self-awareness. The speaker is not just lamenting the loss of his love, but also acknowledging his own role in the relationship's demise. He recognizes that he was blinded by his own ego and desires, and failed to appreciate the depth of the love that was right in front of him.

Symbolism

Symbolism is an essential element of poetry, and "When You Are Old" is no exception. The poem is filled with symbols that help to convey its central message. One of the most significant symbols in the poem is the "pilgrim soul." The speaker describes his beloved's soul as a "pilgrim," which suggests a sense of longing and wandering. The symbol of the pilgrim soul suggests that while the body may age and deteriorate, the soul remains young and restless.

Another symbol in the poem is the "old age" itself. The speaker asks the beloved to "look in a glass" and "waste your youth" so that "old age" may come. This symbol suggests that old age is not something to be feared but rather embraced. The speaker suggests that only in old age can one truly appreciate the depth of love and the importance of true connections.

Poetic Devices

Like all great poems, "When You Are Old" uses poetic devices to enhance its message and make it more memorable. One of the most striking devices in the poem is repetition. The phrase "when you are old" is repeated throughout the poem, creating a sense of inevitability and finality. The repetition creates a sense of urgency and reminds the reader of the fleeting nature of youth and beauty.

Another poetic device in the poem is imagery. The speaker uses vivid imagery to describe the beloved's beauty, painting a vivid picture of her long hair, white feet, and deep eyes. The imagery creates a sense of nostalgia and longing, reminding the reader of the beauty that once was.

Interpretation

So what does "When You Are Old" mean? At its core, the poem is a reflection on the nature of love and regret. The speaker is urging his beloved to wake up and realize the depth of the love they once shared. He is warning her not to waste her life on trivial pursuits, but rather to embrace the beauty of old age and the wisdom that comes with it.

The message of the poem is a reminder that life is short, and that we must seize the opportunities presented to us. We must not be blinded by our own egos and desires but rather be open to the love and beauty that exists around us. As we age, we must remember that the soul remains young and restless, and that true love is eternal.

Conclusion

"When You Are Old" is a beautiful and timeless poem that captures the essence of human experience. It reminds us that life is short and that we must make the most of the opportunities presented to us. The poem is a warning against the frivolous pursuits of youth and a celebration of the wisdom that comes with old age.

Yeats' use of symbolism, poetic devices, and powerful imagery makes "When You Are Old" a masterpiece of English literature. The poem is a testament to the enduring power of love and the importance of self-reflection and self-awareness.

So the next time you read "When You Are Old," take a moment to reflect on its message and the beauty of life. Remember that even in old age, the soul remains young and restless, and that true love is eternal.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Poetry When You Are Old: A Timeless Classic

William Butler Yeats, one of the greatest poets of the 20th century, wrote a poem that has stood the test of time. "When You Are Old" is a poem that speaks to the heart of anyone who has ever loved and lost. It is a poem that captures the essence of love, loss, and regret, and it is a poem that continues to resonate with readers today.

The poem was first published in 1892 in Yeats' second collection of poetry, "The Rose." It is a sonnet, a fourteen-line poem that follows a strict rhyme scheme and meter. The poem is addressed to a woman who is no longer young, and it speaks of the poet's love for her and his regret that they were not able to be together.

"When You Are Old" begins with the poet addressing the woman directly, telling her to "take down this book." The book in question is presumably a collection of the poet's work, and he is asking her to read it. He tells her that she will find in it "the love / Of one who loved you true." The poet is speaking of himself, and he is telling the woman that he loved her deeply and sincerely.

The second stanza of the poem speaks of the woman's beauty when she was young. The poet tells her that she was "lovely and bright" and that "your hair was bound and wound / About the stars and moon and sun." The image of the woman's hair being bound up in the celestial bodies is a powerful one, and it speaks to the idea that the woman was once full of life and vitality.

The third stanza of the poem is where the tone of the poem changes. The poet tells the woman that she is no longer young, and that "love's bitter mystery" has been revealed to her. He tells her that she now knows the truth about love, and that it is not always what it seems. The poet is acknowledging that the woman has experienced heartbreak and disappointment, and that she has come to understand the true nature of love.

The fourth stanza of the poem is where the poet expresses his regret. He tells the woman that he loved her when she was young, but that he was too shy to tell her. He says that he "hid his face / Amid a crowd of stars." The image of the poet hiding his face among the stars is a powerful one, and it speaks to the idea that he was too afraid to reveal his true feelings to the woman.

The fifth and final stanza of the poem is where the poet makes his plea to the woman. He tells her that he hopes she will remember him when she is old, and that she will think of him "softly and with regret." He tells her that he hopes she will realize that he loved her truly, and that he regrets not telling her when he had the chance.

"When You Are Old" is a poem that speaks to the heart of anyone who has ever loved and lost. It is a poem that captures the essence of love, loss, and regret, and it is a poem that continues to resonate with readers today. The poem is a testament to the power of love, and to the idea that true love never dies.

The poem is also a testament to the power of poetry itself. Yeats was a master of his craft, and "When You Are Old" is a perfect example of his skill as a poet. The poem is beautifully written, with a lyrical quality that is both haunting and beautiful. The rhyme scheme and meter of the poem are perfect, and they add to the overall beauty of the poem.

In conclusion, "When You Are Old" is a timeless classic that speaks to the heart of anyone who has ever loved and lost. It is a poem that captures the essence of love, loss, and regret, and it is a poem that continues to resonate with readers today. Yeats was a master of his craft, and "When You Are Old" is a perfect example of his skill as a poet. The poem is a testament to the power of love, and to the idea that true love never dies.

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