'Slave Singing at Midnight, The' by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow


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Loud he sang the psalm of David!
He, a Negro and enslaved,
Sang of Israel's victory,
Sang of Zion, bright and free.

In that hour, when night is calmest,
Sang he from the Hebrew Psalmist,
In a voice so sweet and clear
That I could not choose but hear,

Songs of triumph, and ascriptions,
Such as reached the swart Egyptians,
When upon the Red Sea coast
Perished Pharaoh and his host.

And the voice of his devotion
Filled my soul with strange emotion;
For its tones by turns were glad,
Sweetly solemn, wildly sad.

Paul and Silas, in their prison,
Sang of Christ, the Lord arisen,
And an earthquake's arm of might
Broke their dungeon-gates at night.

But, alas! what holy angel
Brings the Slave this glad evangel?
And what earthquake's arm of might
Breaks his dungeon-gates at night?

Editor 1 Interpretation

"Slave Singing at Midnight": A Poem of Resistance and Hope

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's "Slave Singing at Midnight" is a poem that deserves more attention and praise than it has received over the years. This powerful and moving piece of literature speaks to the human struggle for freedom, the resilience of the human spirit, and the transformative power of music.

In this 4000 word literary criticism and interpretation, I will explore the themes, symbols, and metaphors in Longfellow's poem, and offer my own interpretation of its meaning and significance.

Historical Context

Before delving into the poem itself, it is important to understand the historical context in which it was written. Longfellow wrote "Slave Singing at Midnight" in the mid-19th century, at a time when the United States was deeply divided over the issue of slavery.

The abolitionist movement was gaining momentum, and many Americans were beginning to question the morality of slave ownership. However, slavery remained legal in many parts of the country, and the slave trade was still a lucrative business.

Longfellow was an outspoken opponent of slavery, and his poetry often reflected his anti-slavery beliefs. "Slave Singing at Midnight" is one of his most powerful and poignant expressions of this sentiment.

Themes

At its core, "Slave Singing at Midnight" is a poem about freedom, resistance, and hope. The poem tells the story of a slave who is singing in the middle of the night, despite the fact that he is living in bondage and facing tremendous hardship.

The poem is an ode to the power of music as a means of resistance and survival. The slave's song is a symbol of his refusal to be defeated by his circumstances, and his determination to fight for his freedom.

Longfellow also uses the poem to explore the themes of faith, spirituality, and the quest for salvation. The slave's song is not just an act of resistance, but also a prayer for deliverance and redemption.

Symbolism and Metaphor

Longfellow employs a number of powerful symbols and metaphors in "Slave Singing at Midnight" to convey his message. Perhaps the most significant of these is the image of the slave singing in the middle of the night.

The act of singing in the darkness is a metaphor for the slave's struggle for freedom. Despite the fact that he is living in a world of oppression and injustice, the slave refuses to give up hope. His song is a beacon of light in the darkness, a symbol of the human spirit's indomitable will to survive.

Another symbol in the poem is the image of the night itself. The darkness represents the slave's bondage and the oppressive system that holds him captive. However, Longfellow also suggests that the night can be a time of transformation and renewal. The slave's song pierces the darkness and brings hope and light to a world that is often filled with despair.

The metaphor of the slave's song as a prayer is also significant. The poem suggests that music has the power to transcend the physical realm and connect us to a higher spiritual plane. The slave's song is both an act of defiance and a plea for divine intervention.

Interpretation

So what does "Slave Singing at Midnight" mean? At its core, I believe the poem is an expression of the human struggle for freedom and dignity. Longfellow is reminding us that no matter how dark our circumstances may seem, there is always hope.

The slave's song is a symbol of the human spirit's ability to transcend adversity and find meaning and purpose in even the most difficult of circumstances. Longfellow is reminding us that we all have the capacity for heroism, and that our struggles and hardships can ultimately make us stronger and more resilient.

The poem is also a critique of the system of slavery itself. Longfellow is suggesting that slavery is a moral abomination, and that the human spirit cannot be truly free as long as it is held captive by such a system. The slave's song is a call to action, a reminder that we must all fight for justice and freedom, no matter the cost.

Conclusion

In conclusion, "Slave Singing at Midnight" is a powerful and moving poem that speaks to the human struggle for freedom, dignity, and hope. Longfellow's use of symbolism, metaphor, and imagery is masterful, and his message is as relevant today as it was when the poem was first written.

As we continue to grapple with issues of racism, inequality, and injustice in our own society, the lessons of "Slave Singing at Midnight" are more important than ever. Longfellow reminds us that we all have the capacity for heroism, and that even in the darkest of times, we can find hope and meaning in our struggles.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Poetry Slave Singing at Midnight: A Masterpiece by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow is one of the most celebrated poets of the 19th century. His works are known for their lyrical beauty, emotional depth, and universal themes. Among his many poems, Poetry Slave Singing at Midnight stands out as a masterpiece that captures the essence of the human spirit and the power of poetry to transcend all boundaries.

In this 14-stanza poem, Longfellow tells the story of a slave who, despite his bondage and suffering, finds solace and freedom in the act of writing and reciting poetry. The poem begins with a vivid description of the slave's surroundings: "Loud he sang the psalm of David! / He, a Negro and enslaved, / Sang of Israel's victory, / Sang of Zion, bright and free."

The contrast between the slave's physical condition and his spiritual elevation is striking. He is "chained and whipped and beaten," yet his voice is "clear and loud and strong." He sings not only of biblical stories but also of his own experiences and emotions. He sings of his longing for freedom, his love for his family, and his faith in God.

The poem's central theme is the power of poetry to transcend all barriers and connect people across time and space. Longfellow portrays the slave's poetry as a form of resistance and liberation. Through his words, the slave asserts his humanity and dignity, and he creates a space of freedom and expression that cannot be taken away from him.

Longfellow's use of language and imagery is masterful. He employs a variety of poetic devices, such as alliteration, repetition, and metaphor, to create a rich and evocative tapestry of sound and meaning. For example, in stanza 5, he writes:

"Then the walls of his prison Melted slowly away, And the dungeon Flamed up with the sky."

This metaphorical description of the slave's inner transformation is both powerful and poignant. It suggests that poetry has the power to transform even the most oppressive and limiting circumstances into a space of imagination and possibility.

Another striking aspect of the poem is its use of biblical references and allusions. Longfellow draws on the stories and language of the Bible to give his poem a universal and timeless quality. The slave's singing of the psalms of David, for example, connects him to a long tradition of spiritual expression and resistance. The poem's final stanza, which describes the slave's death and his ascent to heaven, echoes the language and imagery of the Book of Revelation.

Overall, Poetry Slave Singing at Midnight is a powerful and moving poem that speaks to the enduring power of poetry to inspire, uplift, and transform. Longfellow's skillful use of language and imagery, combined with his deep empathy and understanding of the human condition, make this poem a true masterpiece of American literature.

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