'When I was small, a Woman died' by Emily Dickinson


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When I was small, a Woman died-
Today-her Only Boy
Went up from the Potomac-
His face all VictoryTo look at her-How slowly
The Seasons must have turned
Till Bullets clipt an Angle
And He passed quickly round-If pride shall be in Paradise-
Ourself cannot decide-
Of their imperial Conduct-
No person testified-But, proud in Apparition-
That Woman and her Boy
Pass back and forth, before my Brain
As even in the sky-I'm confident that Bravoes-
Perpetual break abroad
For Braveries, remote as this
In Scarlet Maryland-

Editor 1 Interpretation

When I was small, a Woman died: A critical analysis of Emily Dickinson's poem

Emily Dickinson is one of the most celebrated poets of the 19th century, with her enigmatic and often surreal poetry leaving a lasting impact on the literary world. Her poem "When I was small, a Woman died" is a prime example of her unique style and ability to capture complex emotions in the simplest of words. In this detailed literary criticism and interpretation, we will explore the themes, structure, and language of this haunting poem.

Overview

"When I was small, a Woman died" is a short poem consisting of four stanzas, each with two lines. The poem is written from the perspective of a female speaker who is reflecting on the death of a woman from her childhood. The poem's structure is simple, but the language is charged with emotion, nostalgia, and grief.

Theme

The poem's central theme is death and the impact it has on those left behind. The speaker's recollection of the woman's death is infused with a sense of longing and sadness. This theme is reinforced by the use of repetition in the poem's first and last stanzas, where the speaker repeats the phrase "When I was small" as a way of emphasizing the passing of time and the distance between the speaker and the woman who died.

Structure

The poem's structure is deceptively simple, with each stanza consisting of two lines. The use of enjambment between the stanzas creates a sense of continuity and fluidity, as if the speaker's memories are flowing seamlessly from one to the next. The repetition of the opening line in the first and last stanza also creates a cyclical structure that reinforces the theme of time passing and the inevitability of death.

Language

The language of the poem is both simple and complex, with Dickinson using everyday words to convey complex emotions. The use of the first person point of view creates a sense of intimacy and personal connection between the speaker and the reader. The poem's tone is reflective and melancholic, with the speaker's memories tinged with a sense of longing and regret.

The poem's language is also infused with symbolism and metaphor, particularly in the third stanza where the speaker describes the woman's death as a "ghostly wine" that she drank. This metaphor suggests that death is both intoxicating and elusive, something that cannot be fully understood or experienced until it happens.

Interpretation

The poem's title, "When I was small, a Woman died," immediately sets the tone for the speaker's recollection of the woman's death. The use of the word "small" suggests that the speaker is reflecting on a time in her childhood, a time when death was perhaps less comprehensible or meaningful to her. However, the speaker's perspective has now shifted, and she is able to look back on this event with a greater understanding of its significance.

The repetition of the opening line in the first and last stanzas creates a sense of nostalgia and longing. The speaker is looking back on a time when things were simpler, when she was "small" and death was perhaps less of a concern. However, the repetition also serves to emphasize the passing of time and the inevitability of death, as if the speaker is acknowledging the distance between her childhood self and her current self.

The use of metaphor and symbolism in the third stanza is particularly striking. The image of the woman drinking a "ghostly wine" suggests that death is both intoxicating and elusive, something that cannot be fully understood until it happens. The metaphor also suggests that death is something that can only be experienced alone, a "wine" that only the person who drinks it can truly taste.

Overall, "When I was small, a Woman died" is a powerful and evocative poem that captures the complex emotions associated with death. The poem's simple structure and language belie its deeper meaning, with Dickinson using symbolism and metaphor to convey the speaker's reflections on the passing of time and the inevitability of death.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

When I was small, a Woman died - a poem by Emily Dickinson that has been captivating readers for over a century. This classic piece of poetry is a reflection on the inevitability of death and the impact it has on those left behind. In this analysis, we will delve deeper into the themes, structure, and literary devices used by Dickinson to create this masterpiece.

The poem begins with the speaker reminiscing about a woman who had died when they were young. The opening line, "When I was small, a Woman died," sets the tone for the rest of the poem. The use of the word "small" suggests that the speaker was a child when this event occurred, and the capitalization of "Woman" emphasizes the importance of the deceased in the speaker's life.

The second line, "Today her only Boy goes up," refers to the deceased woman's son, who is now grown up and leaving home. This line creates a sense of time passing and the inevitability of change. The use of the word "only" suggests that the woman had only one child, making her death even more significant.

The third line, "To buy a bridal dress," introduces the theme of marriage and new beginnings. The son is moving on with his life, and the speaker acknowledges that life goes on even after death. The use of the word "bridal" suggests that the son is getting married, which is a significant event in anyone's life.

The fourth line, "And leave the little Motherless," is a poignant reminder of the woman's death and the impact it has on those left behind. The use of the word "little" suggests that the speaker is still a child, and the word "Motherless" emphasizes the loss of the woman's motherly presence.

The fifth and sixth lines, "Unfortunate are they / Who cannot sing her lullaby," create a sense of sadness and loss. The speaker acknowledges that those who did not know the woman are unfortunate because they will never experience her love and care. The use of the word "lullaby" suggests that the woman was nurturing and caring, and her absence is deeply felt.

The seventh and eighth lines, "Having never seen her face," emphasize the importance of personal connection and the impact it has on our lives. The speaker acknowledges that those who did not know the woman will never experience the joy of her presence. The use of the word "face" suggests that the woman was not just a name but a real person with a unique identity.

The ninth and tenth lines, "Better haply had they died / Than the Ministration of the Dead," introduce the theme of death and the afterlife. The speaker suggests that it is better to die than to experience the pain of losing someone we love. The use of the word "Ministration" suggests that death is a form of service or care, and the dead continue to have an impact on the living.

The eleventh and twelfth lines, "And their Love - a toy - to be / Broken by a Boy -" create a sense of vulnerability and fragility. The speaker suggests that love is fragile and can be easily broken, especially by those who do not understand its value. The use of the word "toy" suggests that love is something that can be played with and discarded.

The thirteenth and fourteenth lines, "What care the Dead, for Chanticleer - / What care the Dead for Day?" introduce the theme of time and the afterlife. The speaker suggests that the dead do not care about the passing of time or the events of the living world. The use of the word "Chanticleer" refers to the rooster, which is a symbol of time and the passing of the day.

The fifteenth and sixteenth lines, "Tis late your Sunrise vex their face - / And Purple Ribaldry of Morning breaks the Jesuit's Mile," create a sense of contrast between the living and the dead. The speaker suggests that the living world is full of noise and chaos, while the dead are at peace. The use of the word "Jesuit" refers to a religious order, emphasizing the contrast between the spiritual and the material world.

The seventeenth and eighteenth lines, "The Stars - like Chimes - arrest us - / And we will not look behind," create a sense of wonder and awe. The speaker suggests that the stars are like music that stops us in our tracks and makes us appreciate the beauty of the world. The use of the word "Chimes" suggests that the stars are like bells that call us to attention.

The final two lines, "No - no - you cannot prick us - / It's late - and Gamblers - row -" create a sense of finality and acceptance. The speaker suggests that death cannot harm us, and it is time to move on. The use of the word "Gamblers" suggests that life is a game, and we must play it to the best of our ability.

In terms of structure, the poem consists of eighteen lines, with each line containing between four and nine syllables. The use of short lines creates a sense of brevity and urgency, emphasizing the importance of the message. The poem is written in free verse, with no rhyme scheme, which creates a sense of naturalness and spontaneity.

In terms of literary devices, Dickinson uses imagery, metaphor, and personification to create a vivid and emotional picture. The use of the word "Chanticleer" is an example of metaphor, while the use of the word "Chimes" is an example of personification. The use of the word "Purple Ribaldry" is an example of imagery, creating a sense of chaos and confusion.

In conclusion, "When I was small, a Woman died" is a powerful and emotional poem that explores the themes of death, love, and the afterlife. Dickinson's use of language and literary devices creates a vivid and emotional picture, reminding us of the fragility of life and the importance of personal connection. This classic piece of poetry is a testament to Dickinson's skill as a writer and her ability to capture the essence of the human experience.

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