'If she had been the Mistletoe' by Emily Dickinson


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If she had been the Mistletoe
And I had been the Rose-
How gay upon your table
My velvet life to close-
Since I am of the Druid,
And she is of the dew-
I'll deck Tradition's buttonhole-
And send the Rose to you.

Editor 1 Interpretation

If she had been the Mistletoe by Emily Dickinson: A Literary Criticism and Interpretation

Emily Dickinson is one of the most celebrated American poets, known for her unique style and thought-provoking themes in her works. One of her most famous poems is "If she had been the Mistletoe," a short but powerful piece that explores human desire, love, and the fleeting nature of life. In this literary criticism and interpretation, we will delve deep into the poem's structure, language, and themes to uncover the hidden meanings and messages behind Dickinson's words.

Background

Before we dive into the poem itself, it's essential to understand the context in which it was written. Emily Dickinson lived in the mid-19th century, a time when women's roles in society were strictly defined. Women were expected to marry and bear children, and their aspirations were limited to domestic chores and caring for their families. However, Dickinson was a deeply introspective individual who challenged these societal norms through her poetry. She wrote about love, loss, and the complexities of the human psyche, often using nature as a metaphor for human emotions.

Structure

The poem "If she had been the Mistletoe" consists of three stanzas, each with four lines. The rhyme scheme is ABCB, meaning that only the second and fourth lines rhyme. This structure gives the poem a sense of musicality and balance, as each stanza is self-contained and complements the others.

The poem's brevity is also significant, as Dickinson often used short and concise lines to convey complex emotions and ideas. This brevity is especially powerful in this poem, as it highlights the fleeting nature of human desire and the transience of life itself.

Language

Dickinson's use of language in "If she had been the Mistletoe" is masterful and evocative. She employs a range of figurative language, including metaphor, personification, and hyperbole, to create a vivid and emotional landscape.

The central metaphor of the poem is the mistletoe, a parasitic plant that grows on trees and is associated with Christmas traditions. Dickinson uses the mistletoe as a symbol for human desire and love, suggesting that it is something that is both beautiful and destructive. This metaphor is reinforced by the personification of the mistletoe, as Dickinson describes it as "a parasite bold" that "clings to the oak." This personification gives the mistletoe a sense of agency and intention, implying that it has a will of its own.

The hyperbole in the poem is also noteworthy, as Dickinson uses exaggeration to emphasize the intensity of human desire. For example, she writes, "The oak is strong, but never tells/ That her last hold is nigh." This line suggests that the mistletoe's hold on the oak is so strong that it will eventually lead to the tree's demise. This hyperbole creates a sense of urgency and danger, underscoring the power of human desire and its potential to destroy.

Themes

The themes of "If she had been the Mistletoe" are numerous and complex. Central among these themes are love, desire, and the fleeting nature of life.

Love and desire are explored through the metaphor of the mistletoe, which represents the intense and often destructive nature of human passion. The mistletoe's parasitic nature suggests that love can be both beautiful and harmful, a force that can sustain and nourish but also drain and weaken. Dickinson's use of hyperbole underscores the potential danger of love, as it can consume and destroy those who succumb to it.

The fleeting nature of life is another prominent theme in the poem. The mistletoe's hold on the oak represents the transience of existence, as even the strongest and most enduring things are eventually consumed by time. Dickinson suggests that human desire is similarly fleeting, a force that is powerful but ultimately short-lived. This theme is reinforced by the brevity of the poem itself, which captures the fleeting nature of human experience in just twelve lines.

Interpretation

The interpretation of "If she had been the Mistletoe" is open to multiple readings, as Dickinson's use of metaphor and figurative language creates a layered and complex work. One possible interpretation is that the poem is a cautionary tale about the dangers of love and desire. The mistletoe represents the alluring and intoxicating nature of passion, while the oak represents the steadfast and enduring qualities of rationality and self-control. Dickinson suggests that a balance between these two forces is necessary for a healthy and fulfilling life, as unchecked desire can lead to destruction and ruin.

Another interpretation is that the poem is a meditation on the ephemeral nature of existence. The mistletoe's hold on the oak represents the impermanence of life, while the oak itself represents the enduring qualities of the human spirit. Dickinson suggests that we should appreciate the beauty and intensity of life while acknowledging its fleeting nature, as this awareness can lead to a deeper sense of meaning and purpose.

Conclusion

In conclusion, "If she had been the Mistletoe" is a powerful and evocative poem that explores human desire, love, and the fleeting nature of life. Dickinson's use of metaphor, personification, and hyperbole create a layered and complex work that is open to multiple interpretations. Whether read as a cautionary tale about the dangers of passion or as a meditation on the impermanence of existence, the poem leaves a lasting impression on the reader, underscoring the power and beauty of Dickinson's unique and insightful voice.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

If She Had Been the Mistletoe: An Analysis of Emily Dickinson's Classic Poetry

Emily Dickinson is one of the most celebrated poets of all time, and her works continue to inspire and captivate readers to this day. One of her most famous poems is "If she had been the Mistletoe," a short but powerful piece that explores the themes of love, longing, and loss. In this analysis, we will delve into the meaning and significance of this classic poem, and explore what makes it such a timeless piece of literature.

The poem begins with the line "If she had been the Mistletoe," immediately setting the tone for a wistful and melancholic piece. The use of the conditional tense suggests that the speaker is imagining a scenario that did not actually happen, and this sense of regret and longing is a recurring theme throughout the poem. The mistletoe is a symbol of love and romance, often associated with Christmas and the tradition of kissing under the mistletoe. By using this symbol, Dickinson is immediately evoking feelings of warmth, intimacy, and affection.

The second line of the poem reads "And I had been the Rose," and here we see the first hint of the speaker's desire for love and connection. The rose is another powerful symbol of love and beauty, and the fact that the speaker imagines themselves as the rose suggests a desire to be loved and admired. The use of the past tense "had been" also suggests that this desire has not been fulfilled, and that the speaker is looking back on a missed opportunity.

The next two lines of the poem read "How gay upon your breast, / Your head had lain in mine!" Here we see the speaker imagining a scenario in which they are embraced by their lover, and the use of the word "gay" suggests a sense of joy and happiness. The phrase "Your head had lain in mine" is a beautiful and intimate image, evoking a sense of closeness and connection between the two lovers. However, the use of the past tense once again suggests that this scenario did not actually happen, and that the speaker is imagining what could have been.

The next two lines of the poem read "And twisted round the Ringlet / That lies upon your neck!" Here we see the mistletoe symbol once again, as the speaker imagines the mistletoe being twisted around their lover's ringlet. The use of the word "twisted" suggests a sense of playfulness and flirtation, and the fact that the mistletoe is being placed on the lover's neck suggests a desire for intimacy and physical connection.

The final two lines of the poem read "Would you have blamed the fingers / That are so innocent?" Here we see the speaker questioning whether their lover would have been upset or offended by their advances. The use of the word "blamed" suggests a sense of guilt or shame, and the fact that the fingers are described as "innocent" suggests that the speaker is not trying to be malicious or hurtful. This final line is a poignant and powerful conclusion to the poem, leaving the reader with a sense of longing and regret.

Overall, "If she had been the Mistletoe" is a beautiful and evocative poem that explores the themes of love, longing, and loss. By using powerful symbols such as the mistletoe and the rose, Dickinson is able to evoke a sense of warmth, intimacy, and affection, while the use of the conditional tense and the past tense suggests a sense of regret and missed opportunity. The final line of the poem is particularly powerful, leaving the reader with a sense of longing and a desire to connect with others. This is a timeless piece of literature that continues to resonate with readers today, and it is a testament to Dickinson's skill as a poet.

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