'Socrates Ghost Must Haunt Me Now' by Delmore Schwartz


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Socrates ghost must haunt me now,
Notorious death has let him go,
He comes to me with a clumsy bow,
Saying in his disused voice,
That I do not know I do not know,
The mechanical whims of appetite
Are all that I have of conscious choice,
The butterfly caged in eclectic light
Is my only day in the world's great night,
Love is not love, it is a child
Sucking his thumb and biting his lip,
But grasp it all, there may be more!
From the topless sky to the bottomless floor
With the heavy head and the fingertip:
All is not blind, obscene, and poor.
Socrates stands by me stockstill,
Teaching hope to my flickering will,
Pointing to the sky's inexorable blue
---Old Noumenon, come true, come true!

Editor 1 Interpretation

Socrates Ghost Must Haunt Me Now: A Literary Criticism and Interpretation

Delmore Schwartz's poem "Socrates Ghost Must Haunt Me Now" is a complex and haunting piece of literature that explores the themes of mortality, philosophy, and the human condition. With its vivid imagery, powerful metaphors, and deep insights into the nature of life and death, this poem has captivated readers for generations, and it continues to resonate with audiences today.

At its core, "Socrates Ghost Must Haunt Me Now" is a meditation on the legacy of Socrates, the ancient Greek philosopher who famously declared that "the unexamined life is not worth living." In this poem, Schwartz imagines Socrates' ghost visiting him and challenging him to examine his own life, to question his own assumptions and beliefs, and to confront the realities of his own mortality.

The poem opens with a stark and powerful image: "Socrates ghost must haunt me now / Notorious death has let him go." This opening line immediately sets the tone for the rest of the poem, suggesting that Socrates' ghost is a powerful and unsettling presence that Schwartz cannot ignore. The use of the word "notorious" to describe death is also significant, as it emphasizes the idea that death is an inescapable and infamous part of the human experience.

As the poem continues, Schwartz describes the various ways in which Socrates' ghost haunts him. He imagines Socrates questioning him about his life, asking him difficult and uncomfortable questions about his values and beliefs. He also imagines Socrates challenging him to face the reality of his own mortality, and to recognize that his time on earth is limited.

One of the most striking aspects of this poem is its use of vivid and powerful imagery to convey its themes. For example, Schwartz writes, "The hours of the passing day are few / And slow the immense sky revolves and whirls." This image of the slow and steady movement of the sky emphasizes the idea that time is constantly moving forward, and that our time on earth is limited. It also underscores the importance of using our time wisely, and of examining our lives in order to live them fully.

Another powerful image in the poem is when Schwartz writes, "The worm, the bird, the tree, the weed / Are colored, but are all deceived." This image of the natural world being "deceived" suggests that there is a fundamental disconnect between the way we perceive the world and the way it actually is. This idea is central to many philosophical traditions, and it underscores the importance of questioning our assumptions and beliefs in order to arrive at a deeper understanding of reality.

Throughout the poem, Schwartz also uses a number of metaphors to convey his themes. For example, he writes, "My mind is like a tower besieged, / And love is the tyrant I have seized." This metaphor of the mind being a tower besieged suggests that our thoughts and beliefs are constantly under attack, and that we must be vigilant in defending them. The metaphor of love being a tyrant underscores the idea that love can be both powerful and destructive, and that it can consume us if we are not careful.

As the poem reaches its conclusion, Schwartz writes, "And so I wander and I stray, / And fear not and I fear, / And am bewildered on my way, / And pause, and watch, and wonder." These lines convey a sense of both uncertainty and openness, suggesting that the speaker is willing to explore new ideas and perspectives, even if they lead him into unfamiliar territory. This openness to new experiences and ideas is central to the philosophical tradition of which Socrates was a part, and it underscores the importance of living a examined life.

In conclusion, "Socrates Ghost Must Haunt Me Now" is a powerful and thought-provoking poem that explores some of the most fundamental questions of human existence. With its vivid imagery, powerful metaphors, and deep insights into the nature of life and death, this poem is a testament to the enduring legacy of Socrates, and to the ongoing importance of philosophy in our lives. Whether read as a meditation on mortality, a celebration of the examined life, or a tribute to the power of the human spirit, this poem is a masterpiece of literature that continues to captivate and inspire readers today.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Socrates Ghost Must Haunt Me Now: A Poem Analysis

Delmore Schwartz’s poem “Socrates Ghost Must Haunt Me Now” is a haunting and introspective piece that delves into the speaker’s inner turmoil and existential crisis. The poem is a reflection on the speaker’s life and his fear of death, as well as his desire for knowledge and understanding. In this analysis, we will explore the themes, structure, and literary devices used in the poem to understand its deeper meaning.

Themes

The poem explores several themes, including the fear of death, the search for knowledge, and the struggle for self-awareness. The speaker is haunted by the ghost of Socrates, the ancient Greek philosopher who famously said, “The unexamined life is not worth living.” The ghost represents the speaker’s desire for knowledge and understanding, as well as his fear of death and the unknown.

The poem also touches on the theme of self-awareness, as the speaker reflects on his own life and the choices he has made. He questions whether he has lived a meaningful life and whether he has truly understood the world around him. The poem suggests that self-awareness is essential for a meaningful life, and that the pursuit of knowledge and understanding is a lifelong journey.

Structure

The poem is structured in four stanzas, each with four lines. The first and third lines of each stanza rhyme, while the second and fourth lines do not. This creates a sense of rhythm and flow, while also emphasizing certain words and phrases. The poem is written in free verse, which allows the speaker to express his thoughts and emotions in a natural and unstructured way.

The first stanza sets the tone for the poem, with the speaker acknowledging his fear of death and his desire for knowledge. He says, “Socrates ghost must haunt me now / Notorious death has let him go / He comes to me with a clumsy bow / Saying in his disused voice, Crito.”

The second stanza explores the speaker’s search for knowledge and understanding. He says, “I read, and read, and read, and deeply sigh, / And still my hunger for reality / Gives me a barbarous and a limitless cry, / Oh save me, Socrates, save me from the darkness of insanity.”

The third stanza reflects on the speaker’s own life and his struggle for self-awareness. He says, “He shows me how to learn with learning’s crown, / And how to suffer with suffering’s might, / And how to leave the dry land, drowning down, / Clutching at the salty, briny, bitter delight.”

The final stanza brings the poem full circle, with the speaker acknowledging his fear of death once again. He says, “And Socrates, the man I seek, / Who calmly drank the hemlock down, / And smiling through unsteady teeth, / Said, ‘Crito, now the debt is paid.’”

Literary Devices

Schwartz uses several literary devices to convey the themes and emotions of the poem. One of the most prominent devices is allusion, as the poem references the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates and his ideas about knowledge and self-awareness. The ghost of Socrates represents the speaker’s desire for knowledge and understanding, as well as his fear of death and the unknown.

The poem also uses imagery to create a sense of atmosphere and emotion. The speaker describes his hunger for reality as a “barbarous and a limitless cry,” which emphasizes his desperation for knowledge and understanding. He also describes the salty, briny, bitter delight of drowning, which creates a sense of both pleasure and pain.

Another literary device used in the poem is repetition, as the speaker repeats certain words and phrases throughout the poem. For example, he repeats the phrase “save me, Socrates” several times, which emphasizes his fear and desperation. He also repeats the word “learn” in the third stanza, which emphasizes the importance of knowledge and self-awareness.

Conclusion

“Socrates Ghost Must Haunt Me Now” is a powerful and introspective poem that explores the themes of fear, knowledge, and self-awareness. The poem uses allusion, imagery, and repetition to convey the speaker’s emotions and thoughts, while also creating a sense of rhythm and flow. The poem suggests that self-awareness and the pursuit of knowledge are essential for a meaningful life, and that the fear of death is a natural part of the human experience. Overall, the poem is a haunting and thought-provoking reflection on the human condition.

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