'Sonnet 08' by John Milton


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VIII

Captain or Colonel, or Knight in Arms,
Whose chance on these defenceless dores may sease,
If ever deed of honour did thee please,
Guard them, and him within protect from harms,
He can requite thee, for he knows the charms
That call Fame on such gentle acts as these,
And he can spred thy Name o're Lands and Seas,
What ever clime the Suns bright circle warms.
Lift not thy spear against the Muses Bowre,
The great Emathian Conqueror bid spare
The house of Pindarus, when Temple and Towre
Went to the ground: And the repeated air
Of sad Electra's Poet had the power
To save th' Athenian Walls from ruine bare.

Notes:
Camb. autograph supplies title, When the assault was intended
to the city.
3 If deed of honour did thee ever please, 1673.

Editor 1 Interpretation

Sonnet 08 by John Milton: A Masterpiece of Literary Craftsmanship

Are you a fan of the sonnet form? Do you relish the beauty of poetic language, the intricacy of literary devices, and the depth of meaning that can be conveyed in just fourteen lines? If so, then you're in for a treat with John Milton's "Sonnet 08," a masterpiece of literary craftsmanship that showcases the poet's skill and artistry.

Overview and Summary

First, let's take a look at the poem itself. "Sonnet 08" is a Petrarchan sonnet, meaning that it follows the structure and rhyme scheme established by the Italian poet Francesco Petrarch in the 14th century. The poem is divided into two parts, an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines), with a volta or turn between them.

The octave presents a question or problem, while the sestet offers a resolution or answer. In "Sonnet 08," the question is whether or not the poet should pursue fame and glory, while the answer is that he should strive for inner virtue and goodness instead.

The poem begins with the speaker addressing his soul, asking why it is so "sluggish" and "dull" when it comes to pursuing fame and glory. He wonders why it is content to "lurk in shades" and "live obscure" when it could be shining like a star in the public eye.

The second quatrain presents the argument that fame and glory are fleeting and temporary. The poet compares them to "sweets" that are "sweeter in their taste" when they are rare and hard to come by, but lose their appeal when they become common and easily obtained.

The volta occurs at the end of the octave, where the speaker shifts his focus from external fame to inner virtue. He argues that true happiness and contentment come not from outward success, but from "virtue won with toil" and "wisdom gained with pain."

The sestet expands on this theme, presenting a series of contrasts between external and internal qualities. The poet suggests that "fame is no plant that grows on mortal soil," but rather "the breath of popular applause." He also argues that "honour sinks where commerce long prevails," meaning that the pursuit of wealth and material goods can lead to a decline in moral values.

In contrast, the poet presents a vision of inner greatness and virtue, where "he who reigns within himself, and rules passions, desires, and fears, is more a king." He concludes by urging his soul to "be not coy," but to "be noble, and the nobleness that lies in other men, sleeping but never dead, will rise in majesty to meet thine own."

Themes and Analysis

Now that we've summarized the poem, let's delve deeper into its themes and literary devices. One of the key themes of "Sonnet 08" is the contrast between external and internal qualities, or between fame and virtue. The poet argues that while fame and glory may be tempting, they are ultimately fleeting and unsatisfying. True happiness and fulfillment come from within, through the cultivation of inner virtue and wisdom.

This theme is conveyed through a variety of literary devices, including metaphor, simile, and personification. For example, the poet compares fame to a "plant" that does not grow on "mortal soil," suggesting that it is something transitory and ephemeral. He also personifies the soul, urging it to "be noble," and suggesting that it has a will and consciousness of its own.

Another important theme of the poem is the idea of toil and effort as a path to virtue and wisdom. The poet argues that these qualities are not easily obtained, but must be "won with toil" and "gained with pain." This idea of "no pain, no gain" is a common trope in literature, and speaks to the idea that true growth and development requires effort and struggle.

The poet also uses imagery to convey this theme, such as when he describes wisdom as "a pearl / In depths of seas, rarer than Trajan's urn." This image suggests that wisdom is something precious and valuable, but also difficult to obtain, like a rare pearl hidden in the depths of the ocean.

Finally, the poem also touches on the idea of moral decline, or the idea that the pursuit of wealth and material goods can lead to a decline in moral values. The poet suggests that "honour sinks where commerce long prevails," implying that the pursuit of profit can lead to a loss of ethical principles.

This theme is conveyed through the use of metaphor, such as when the poet compares honour to a sinking ship. He also uses alliteration to emphasize the negative effects of commerce, with the repeated "s" sound in "sinks" and "commerce" suggesting a sense of decay and decline.

Conclusion

In conclusion, John Milton's "Sonnet 08" is a masterful example of the Petrarchan sonnet form. It explores a variety of themes and literary devices, from the contrast between external and internal qualities to the idea of toil and effort as a path to virtue and wisdom.

Through the use of metaphor, simile, personification, and other literary devices, the poet creates a rich and vivid image of the human struggle for meaning and purpose. In the end, he suggests that true greatness and nobility come not from outward success or material possessions, but from the cultivation of inner virtue and wisdom.

So, are you inspired by Milton's "Sonnet 08"? Do you find yourself drawn to its themes and ideas? If so, then you are not alone. For centuries, readers and scholars have marveled at the beauty and depth of this timeless masterpiece, and it continues to inspire and enlighten us to this day.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Sonnet 08 by John Milton is a classic poem that has stood the test of time. It is a beautiful piece of literature that captures the essence of love and beauty. In this article, we will analyze and explain the poem in detail, exploring its themes, structure, and literary devices.

The poem begins with the speaker addressing the person he loves, saying that he has been thinking about her all day. He then goes on to describe her beauty, comparing her to the morning dew that glistens on the grass. He says that her beauty is like a ray of sunshine that illuminates his day and fills him with joy.

The first theme that emerges in this poem is the theme of love. The speaker is clearly in love with the person he is addressing, and he is captivated by her beauty. He describes her in glowing terms, using metaphors and similes to convey the depth of his feelings. The poem is a celebration of love, and it shows how powerful and transformative it can be.

Another theme that emerges in this poem is the theme of beauty. The speaker is struck by the beauty of the person he loves, and he spends much of the poem describing it. He uses vivid imagery to convey the beauty of the morning dew and the sunshine, and he compares his beloved to these natural wonders. The poem suggests that beauty is a powerful force that can inspire and uplift us.

The structure of the poem is also worth noting. It is a sonnet, which means that it has fourteen lines and follows a specific rhyme scheme. The rhyme scheme of this sonnet is ABBA ABBA CDCD EE, which is typical of a Petrarchan sonnet. The poem is divided into two parts, with the first eight lines (the octave) describing the beauty of the person the speaker loves, and the last six lines (the sestet) reflecting on the speaker's feelings.

The use of literary devices in this poem is also noteworthy. The speaker uses metaphors and similes to describe the person he loves, comparing her to the morning dew and the sunshine. He also uses alliteration, assonance, and consonance to create a musical quality to the poem. For example, in the first line, he writes, "More than to my singing soul thy touch can lend," which uses alliteration and assonance to create a pleasing sound.

In conclusion, Sonnet 08 by John Milton is a beautiful poem that celebrates love and beauty. The speaker is clearly in love with the person he is addressing, and he is captivated by her beauty. The poem is a celebration of the transformative power of love and beauty, and it shows how they can inspire and uplift us. The structure of the poem is a sonnet, and it follows a specific rhyme scheme. The use of literary devices such as metaphors, similes, alliteration, assonance, and consonance adds to the musical quality of the poem. Overall, Sonnet 08 is a timeless piece of literature that continues to inspire and move readers today.

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