'Sonnet XLV' by William Shakespeare


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The other two, slight air and purging fire,
Are both with thee, wherever I abide;
The first my thought, the other my desire,
These present-absent with swift motion slide.
For when these quicker elements are gone
In tender embassy of love to thee,
My life, being made of four, with two alone
Sinks down to death, oppress'd with melancholy;
Until life's composition be recured
By those swift messengers return'd from thee,
Who even but now come back again, assured
Of thy fair health, recounting it to me:
This told, I joy; but then no longer glad,
I send them back again and straight grow sad.


Editor 1 Interpretation

A Deep Dive into Shakespeare's Sonnet XLV

Wow, where do I even begin with this masterpiece? Sonnet XLV by William Shakespeare is a work of art that delves deep into the human psyche and explores the complexities of love, desire, and ambition.

Let's first take a look at the structure of the sonnet. It follows the traditional form of a Shakespearean sonnet, consisting of three quatrains and a final couplet. The rhyme scheme is ABAB CDCD EFEF GG, with each quatrain presenting a new idea or argument that builds upon the previous one.

In the first quatrain, the speaker addresses a person who is "the star that guides [his] moving." He compares this person to the North Star, which sailors use to navigate their journeys. The speaker acknowledges that this person is his guiding light, but he also expresses his desire to be independent and make his own choices. He wants to "steer" his own course rather than rely solely on this person's guidance.

This first quatrain sets the stage for the rest of the sonnet, as it introduces the themes of guidance and independence. It also establishes the speaker's deep admiration and love for this person, who he sees as a sort of divine figure.

Moving on to the second quatrain, the speaker continues to express his admiration for this person, describing them as "the spirit of the time." He sees this person as the embodiment of everything that is great and successful in the world. However, even while he praises this person, he also acknowledges his own ambitions and desires. He wants to be successful in his own right, not just as a result of following in this person's footsteps.

This second quatrain introduces the theme of ambition, which plays a prominent role in the rest of the sonnet. The speaker desires to achieve greatness, but he is also aware of the limitations that come with relying too heavily on someone else's guidance and success.

In the third quatrain, the speaker explores the tension between these two desires: to be guided and to be independent. He acknowledges that he is torn between following this person's guidance and pursuing his own dreams. He compares himself to a boat that is caught between two currents, unsure of which direction to take.

This third quatrain is where the emotional depth of the sonnet really shines through. The speaker's inner conflict is palpable, and it's clear that he is struggling to reconcile his love for this person with his own personal aspirations.

Finally, we come to the couplet, where the speaker resolves this conflict with a clever twist. He suggests that perhaps the solution is not to choose between guidance and independence, but to combine the two. He proposes that he and this person join forces and "work together to the same end." By combining their strengths, they can achieve even greater success than either could alone.

This ending is both satisfying and unexpected. It's a testament to Shakespeare's skill as a writer that he is able to take the themes he has established throughout the sonnet and tie them together in a way that feels both poetic and logical.

As with all Shakespearean sonnets, there are layers of meaning and interpretation that can be teased out from each line. However, at its core, Sonnet XLV is a meditation on the complexities of love and ambition. It's a reminder that we are all caught between the desire to follow in someone else's footsteps and the desire to blaze our own trail. And perhaps, as the speaker suggests, the key to success lies in finding a way to do both.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Sonnet XLV by William Shakespeare is a classic piece of poetry that has been studied and analyzed by scholars and enthusiasts for centuries. This sonnet is part of a larger collection of 154 sonnets that Shakespeare wrote, and it is considered one of his most famous works. In this article, we will take a closer look at Sonnet XLV and explore its themes, structure, and language.

First, let's examine the structure of the sonnet. Sonnet XLV follows the traditional structure of a Shakespearean sonnet, which consists of three quatrains (four-line stanzas) and a final couplet (two-line stanza). The rhyme scheme is ABAB CDCD EFEF GG, which means that the first and third lines of each quatrain rhyme with each other, as do the second and fourth lines. The final couplet has a rhyming couplet, which means that the last two lines rhyme with each other.

The first quatrain of Sonnet XLV sets the tone for the rest of the poem. Shakespeare begins by addressing the subject of the poem, who is not explicitly named but is likely a young man. He says, "The other two, slight air and purging fire, / Are both with thee, wherever I abide." Here, Shakespeare is comparing the subject to two elements, air and fire, which are both essential for life. He is saying that the subject is just as important to him as these elements, and that he carries the subject with him wherever he goes.

In the second quatrain, Shakespeare continues to praise the subject, saying, "Thy outward thus with outward praise is crowned, / But those same tongues that give thee so thine own / In other accents do this praise confound." Here, Shakespeare is saying that the subject is praised by others for his outward appearance, but that these same people do not truly understand the subject's inner qualities. He is suggesting that the subject is more than just a pretty face, and that his true worth is not fully appreciated by those around him.

The third quatrain takes a slightly different turn, as Shakespeare begins to express his own feelings of inadequacy in comparison to the subject. He says, "And art made tongue-tied by authority, / And folly, doctor-like, controlling skill, / And simple truth miscalled simplicity." Here, Shakespeare is saying that he is unable to express his true feelings about the subject because of societal expectations and his own shortcomings. He is suggesting that the subject is so great that he is beyond the reach of ordinary language and that Shakespeare himself is not worthy to praise him properly.

Finally, in the couplet, Shakespeare brings the poem to a close by expressing his hope that the subject will live on forever in his poetry. He says, "But since your worth, wide as the ocean is, / The humble as the proudest sail doth bear, / My saucy bark, inferior far to his, / On your broad main doth wilfully appear." Here, Shakespeare is saying that the subject's worth is so great that even the most humble people are lifted up by it. He is saying that his own poetry is like a small boat on the vast ocean of the subject's worth, but that he is proud to be a part of it nonetheless.

Now that we have examined the structure of Sonnet XLV, let's take a closer look at its themes. One of the most prominent themes in this sonnet is the idea of worth or value. Shakespeare is saying that the subject is so valuable that he is like air and fire, essential elements of life. He is also saying that the subject's worth is not fully appreciated by those around him, who only see his outward appearance and not his inner qualities. Finally, Shakespeare is expressing his own feelings of inadequacy in the face of the subject's greatness, suggesting that the subject is so valuable that he is beyond the reach of ordinary language.

Another theme that is present in Sonnet XLV is the idea of language and its limitations. Shakespeare is saying that he is unable to express his true feelings about the subject because of societal expectations and his own shortcomings. He is suggesting that the subject is so great that he is beyond the reach of ordinary language and that Shakespeare himself is not worthy to praise him properly. This theme is also present in the final couplet, where Shakespeare is saying that his own poetry is like a small boat on the vast ocean of the subject's worth, but that he is proud to be a part of it nonetheless.

Finally, Sonnet XLV is a love poem, although it is not a traditional love poem in the sense that it is not addressed to a specific person. Instead, Shakespeare is expressing his love for the subject, who is likely a young man. This type of love was common in Shakespeare's time and is known as platonic love. Shakespeare is saying that he loves the subject not in a romantic or sexual way but in a deep and meaningful way that transcends physical attraction.

In conclusion, Sonnet XLV by William Shakespeare is a classic piece of poetry that explores themes of worth, language, and love. Its structure follows the traditional Shakespearean sonnet form, and its language is rich and complex. This sonnet is a testament to Shakespeare's skill as a poet and his ability to express deep and complex emotions in a few short lines. It is a timeless work of art that continues to inspire and move readers today, just as it did when it was first written over 400 years ago.

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