'Daddy' by Sylvia Plath


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The Collected Poems1962You do not do, you do not do
Any more, black shoe
In which I have lived like a foot
For thirty years, poor and white,
Barely daring to breathe or Achoo.Daddy, I have had to kill you.
You died before I had time ----
Marble-heavy, a bag full of God,
Ghastly statue with one gray toe
Big as a Frisco sealAnd a head in the freakish Atlantic
Where it pours bean green over blue
In the waters off the beautiful Nauset.
I used to pray to recover you.
Ach, du.In the German tongue, in the Polish town
Scraped flat by the roller
Of wars, wars, wars.
But the name of the town is common.
My Polack friendSays there are a dozen or two.
So I never could tell where you
Put your foot, your root,
I never could talk to you.
The tongue stuck in my jaw.It stuck in a barb wire snare.
Ich, ich, ich, ich,
I could hardly speak.
I thought every German was you.
And the language obsceneAn engine, an engine,
Chuffing me off like a Jew.
A Jew to Dachau, Auschwitz, Belsen.
I began to talk like a Jew.
I think I may well be a Jew.The snows of the Tyrol, the clear beer of Vienna
Are not very pure or true.
With my gypsy ancestress and my weird luck
And my Taroc pack and my Taroc pack
I may be a bit of a Jew.I have always been scared of

Editor 1 Interpretation

“Daddy” by Sylvia Plath: A Masterpiece of Confessional Poetry

Sylvia Plath’s “Daddy” is a poem that never fails to strike a chord with readers. Its raw emotion, vivid imagery, and haunting symbolism have captivated audiences since its publication in 1965. In this literary criticism and interpretation, I will delve deep into the poem’s themes, structure, and language, and explore why it continues to resonate with readers today.

Summary of the Poem

“Daddy” is a confessional poem that delves into the speaker’s complex relationship with her father. The poem begins with the speaker addressing her father directly, using various metaphors to describe him as a black shoe, a statue, a vampire, and a Nazi. Through these metaphors, the speaker conveys her intense feelings of fear, anger, and resentment towards her father. She goes on to describe the trauma she experienced after her father’s death, and how she has struggled with his influence on her life ever since. The poem ends with the speaker reclaiming her power and declaring that she has outgrown her father’s grip on her life.

Themes

One of the most prominent themes in “Daddy” is the idea of inherited trauma. Throughout the poem, the speaker describes how her father’s actions have had a lasting impact on her life, even after his death. She compares her father to a Nazi, a figure associated with the atrocities of World War II, and suggests that his actions were just as harmful to her. This theme is particularly relevant in the context of Plath’s own life, as she struggled with depression and eventually took her own life. In many ways, “Daddy” can be read as a personal exploration of the ways in which the past can continue to haunt us, even long after it has ended.

Another important theme in the poem is the idea of power and control. The speaker repeatedly describes her father as a dominating figure, using metaphors such as “black shoe” and “statue” to convey his oppressive presence. However, as the poem progresses, the speaker begins to reclaim her own power and assert her independence. This is evident in lines such as “Daddy, daddy, you bastard, I’m through” and “I made a model of you, A man in black with a Meinkampf look”. These lines suggest that the speaker is no longer willing to be controlled by her father, and is actively seeking to break free from his influence.

Structure

“Daddy” is a complex poem that employs a variety of structural devices to convey its themes and emotions. One of the most notable aspects of the poem is its use of repetition. The word “daddy” appears throughout the poem, serving as both an address to the speaker’s father and a symbol of his dominating presence in her life. The repetition of this word, combined with the use of rhyme and alliteration, gives the poem a rhythmic quality that adds to its emotional intensity.

Another important structural device in the poem is its use of imagery. Plath uses a variety of metaphors and symbols to convey the speaker’s emotions and experiences. For example, the image of the “black shoe” suggests a sense of oppression and control, while the image of the “vampire” suggests a parasitic relationship in which the speaker feels drained of her energy and life force. These images, combined with the poem’s intense emotional content, create a vivid and memorable reading experience.

Language

One of the most striking aspects of “Daddy” is its use of language. Plath’s writing is raw and emotional, using vivid metaphors and powerful imagery to convey the speaker’s experiences. The poem is filled with allusions to historical events and literary works, such as the Holocaust and Bram Stoker’s Dracula, which add depth and complexity to its themes.

One of the most notable aspects of the poem’s language is its use of sound. Plath employs a variety of sound devices, such as rhyme and alliteration, to create a musical quality that adds to its emotional intensity. For example, the repetition of the “oo” sound in the lines “I used to pray to recover you. Ach, du” creates a mournful and haunting effect that adds to the poem’s sense of loss and trauma.

Interpretation

“Daddy” is a complex and layered poem that can be interpreted in a variety of ways. One possible interpretation is that the poem is an exploration of the speaker’s relationship with her father, and the ways in which his actions have shaped her life. Through the use of vivid imagery and emotional language, Plath conveys the intense feelings of fear, anger, and resentment that the speaker feels towards her father. However, the poem also suggests that the speaker is seeking to break free from her father’s control and assert her own independence.

Another possible interpretation of the poem is that it is a reflection on the legacy of World War II and the Holocaust. The image of the father as a Nazi, combined with references to other historical events such as the bombing of Hiroshima, suggests that the poem is grappling with the trauma of the past and the ways in which it continues to impact the present. The poem can be read as a commentary on the dangers of fascism and totalitarianism, and a warning against the ways in which these ideologies can continue to exert their influence long after they have been defeated.

Conclusion

“Daddy” is a powerful and emotionally charged poem that continues to resonate with readers today. Its exploration of trauma, power, and control, combined with its use of vivid imagery and emotional language, make it a masterpiece of confessional poetry. Through its complex structure and multi-layered themes, the poem offers a profound reflection on the ways in which the past can continue to shape our lives, and the struggles we face in breaking free from its grip.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Sylvia Plath's "Daddy" is a powerful and haunting poem that has captivated readers for decades. Written in 1962, just a few months before Plath's death, the poem is a deeply personal exploration of the poet's complex relationship with her father and the impact it had on her life.

At its core, "Daddy" is a poem about the struggle for identity and the search for a sense of self in the face of overwhelming external forces. Plath's father, who died when she was just eight years old, looms large in the poem as a symbol of the oppressive patriarchal society that she felt trapped in.

The poem begins with the speaker addressing her father directly, using the title "Daddy" as a way of reclaiming the power that he had over her. The opening lines are some of the most famous in modern poetry:

You do not do, you do not do Any more, black shoe In which I have lived like a foot For thirty years, poor and white, Barely daring to breathe or Achoo.

These lines set the tone for the rest of the poem, with the speaker using vivid and often disturbing imagery to describe her relationship with her father. The "black shoe" is a metaphor for the suffocating influence that her father had on her life, while the reference to being "poor and white" highlights the sense of powerlessness that she felt in the face of his dominance.

As the poem progresses, the speaker becomes increasingly angry and confrontational, accusing her father of a range of sins and crimes. She describes him as a "ghastly statue" and a "bag full of God," suggesting that he was both oppressive and all-powerful.

One of the most striking aspects of the poem is the way that Plath uses language to create a sense of tension and unease. The repetition of certain phrases, such as "I have always been scared of you" and "I am through," creates a sense of urgency and desperation, while the use of violent and disturbing imagery, such as the reference to the "Luftwaffe" and the "swastika," adds to the sense of unease.

At the same time, however, there is a sense of catharsis in the poem, as the speaker confronts her father and begins to take back control of her life. The final lines of the poem are some of the most powerful:

Daddy, daddy, you bastard, I'm through.

The use of the word "bastard" is particularly significant, as it suggests that the speaker is no longer willing to accept the patriarchal norms that have dominated her life. By reclaiming this word and using it to describe her father, she is asserting her own power and agency.

Overall, "Daddy" is a deeply personal and emotionally charged poem that explores some of the most complex and difficult themes in modern poetry. Plath's use of language and imagery is masterful, creating a sense of tension and unease that is both unsettling and cathartic. It is a poem that continues to resonate with readers today, and is a testament to Plath's enduring legacy as one of the most important poets of the 20th century.

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