'Muerte De Antoñito El Camborio' by Federico García Lorca

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Voces de muerte sonaron
cerca del Guadalquivir.
Voces antiguas que cercan
voz de clavel varonil.
Les clavó sobre las botas
mordiscos de jabalí.
En la lucha daba saltos
jabonados de delfín.
Baño con sangre enemiga
su corbata carmesí,
pero eran cuatro puñales
y tuvo que sucumbir.
Cuando las estrellas clavan
rejones al agua gris,
cuando los erales sueñan
verónicas de alhelí,
voces de muerte sonaron
cerca del Guadalquivir.

Antonio Torres Heredia,
Camborio de dura crin,
moreno de verde luna,
voz de clavel varonil:
¿quién te ha quitado la vida
cerca del Guadalquivir?
Mis cuatro primos Heredias
hijos de Benamejí.
Lo que en otros no envidiaban,
ya lo envidiaban en mí.
Zapatos color corinto,
medallones de marfil,
y este cutis amasado
con aceituna y jazmín.
¡Ay Antoñito el Camborio,
digno de una Emperatriz!
Acuérate de la Virgen
porque te vas a morir.
¡Ay Federico García,
llama a la Guardia Civil!
Ya mi talle se ha quebrado
como caña de maíz.

Tres golpes de sangre tuvo
y se murió de perfil.
Viva moneda que nunca
se volverá a repetir.
Un ángel marchoso pone
su cabeza en un cojín.
Otros de rubor cansado,
encendieron un candil.
Y cuando los cuatro primos
llegan a Benamejí,
voces de muerte cesaron
cerca del Guadalquivir.

Editor 1 Interpretation

Muerte De Antoñito El Camborio: A Masterpiece of Tragedy and Symbolism

Federico García Lorca's "Muerte De Antoñito El Camborio" is a haunting and deeply symbolic poem that delves into the themes of death, passion, and the human psyche. This classic work of poetry exemplifies Lorca's mastery of the Spanish language, his keen understanding of human emotions, and his ability to weave complex symbolism into his writing.

Background and Context

Before we dive into the poem itself, it is important to understand the context in which it was written. Lorca was a Spanish poet who lived during the early 20th century, a time marked by political and cultural upheaval in Spain. The country was on the brink of civil war, and many writers and artists were grappling with the question of what it meant to be Spanish in a time of such uncertainty.

Lorca was deeply influenced by the Andalusian region of Spain, where he grew up. This region was known for its flamenco music, which Lorca loved and incorporated into much of his writing. The poem "Muerte De Antoñito El Camborio" is set in Andalusia and features many elements of flamenco culture.

Analysis

Now let's turn to the poem itself. "Muerte De Antoñito El Camborio" tells the story of the death of a young flamenco dancer named Antoñito El Camborio. The poem is divided into four stanzas, each with its own distinct tone and imagery.

The first stanza sets the scene and establishes the tone of the poem. We are introduced to Antoñito and the world in which he lives, which is one of passion, violence, and danger. The imagery in this stanza is vivid and intense, with references to blood, knives, and dark, shadowy figures.

En la barraca sombría,
de que ya apenas se oía
el rasguear de la guitarra,
el Chato de la Venta unía
su llanto a la bulería
por el Café de la Marina.

Antoñito el Camborio,
rumor de melancolía,
echó su cuerpo al río
plateado por el agua.

Cuchillo de alfiler
su agonía,
daba en el corazón
con rabia.

The second stanza brings us deeper into Antoñito's psyche. We learn that he is tormented by inner demons, including the fear of death and a sense of fatalism. The imagery in this stanza is more abstract, with references to the moon, stars, and cosmic forces.

¿Quién me presta una escalera
para subir al madero
para quitarle los clavos
a Jesús el Nazareno?

Antoñito el Camborio
tiene en la cara un surco
del que se riñen las bocas
y las rosas por el busto.

Las calles y los tejados
dan resonancia a sus músicas,
pero su corazón de acequia
va sollozando por el agua.

The third stanza is perhaps the most tragic of the poem. We learn that Antoñito is not only tormented by his inner demons, but also by the people around him. His lover has betrayed him, and he is left alone to face his fate. The imagery in this stanza is powerful and emotional, with references to death, betrayal, and loss.

Verde que te quiero verde.
Verde viento. Verdes ramas.
El barco sobre la mar
y el caballo en la montaña.

Con la sombra en la cintura
ella sueña en su baranda,
verdes carnees, el sueño
de España, la vida y el hambre!

Ibamos los dos alegres,
la Giralda se nos reía
bajo las dos espadas
que lleva de procesión.

Pero se tuple el crepúsculo
y huele a sangre la brisa
y eran las ramas verdes
de la noche que llegaba.

The final stanza brings the poem full circle, returning to the scene of Antoñito's death. The imagery in this stanza is haunting and powerful, with references to the moon, stars, and the river. The poem ends with a sense of finality and tragedy, as Antoñito's body is carried away by the river.

Paso de los cortejos
que van clamando silencio
por las eternas escalas
donde el otro se desangra.

Cielo arriba, cielo abajo.
El río se lo llevaba,
al rumor de aves extrañas
y al olor de la madrugada.

Symbolism and Themes

One of the most striking aspects of "Muerte De Antoñito El Camborio" is its use of symbolism. Lorca was a master of using symbols to convey complex ideas and emotions, and this poem is no exception.

One of the most prominent symbols in the poem is the river. The river represents both life and death, as it carries Antoñito's body away at the end of the poem. The river is also a symbol of the cosmic forces that govern our lives, as it is described as being guided by "aves extrañas" (strange birds) and the "olor de la madrugada" (smell of dawn).

Another important symbol in the poem is the moon. The moon represents both the beauty and the darkness of life, as it is described as being both "verde" (green) and "tuplo" (dark). The moon also represents the cyclical nature of life and death, as it is always present in the sky, even when we cannot see it.

The theme of death is also central to the poem. Antoñito is consumed by a fear of death, which ultimately leads to his demise. The poem explores the idea of death as both an inevitability and a mystery, something that we cannot fully understand or control.

Finally, the poem explores the theme of passion. Antoñito is a passionate character, both in his love for his partner and his dedication to flamenco dancing. The poem portrays passion as both beautiful and dangerous, something that can both enrich and destroy our lives.

Conclusion

In conclusion, "Muerte De Antoñito El Camborio" is a masterpiece of Spanish poetry that explores complex themes of death, passion, and the human psyche. Lorca's use of vivid imagery and powerful symbolism make this poem a haunting and unforgettable work of art. Whether you are a lover of poetry or simply interested in exploring the cultural and political history of Spain, this poem is sure to leave a lasting impression.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Muerte De Antoñito El Camborio: A Poetic Masterpiece

Federico García Lorca is one of the most celebrated poets of the 20th century, and his work continues to inspire and captivate readers around the world. One of his most famous poems is Muerte De Antoñito El Camborio, a tragic tale of a young gypsy who meets a violent end. In this analysis, we will explore the themes, imagery, and symbolism in this classic poem.

The poem begins with a vivid description of Antoñito El Camborio, a young gypsy who is known for his skill with a knife. Lorca paints a picture of a proud and fearless young man, who is admired and feared by all who know him. The opening lines of the poem set the tone for what is to come, as Lorca foreshadows the tragic fate that awaits Antoñito:

"En la barraca de los viejos tienen los ojos cuajados de anís los ratones blancos y olor de albahaca y nardos."

Translation: "In the old shacks, the white mice have eyes full of aniseed, and the smell of basil and nard lingers."

Here, Lorca uses sensory imagery to create a vivid picture of the setting, and to foreshadow the violence that will soon occur. The smell of basil and nard, which are often associated with death and mourning, adds to the ominous atmosphere of the poem.

As the poem progresses, Lorca introduces us to the other characters in the story, including Antoñito's mother and his lover, la Luna. We learn that Antoñito is deeply in love with la Luna, and that their relationship is a source of joy and comfort for him. However, their happiness is short-lived, as Antoñito's enemies begin to plot against him.

The turning point of the poem occurs when Antoñito is ambushed by his enemies and stabbed to death. Lorca's description of the murder is both brutal and poetic, as he uses vivid imagery to convey the horror of the scene:

"Le han clavao dos puñales en el pecho y en el costao, y dicen que por la noche no se le apaga el relámpago."

Translation: "They have plunged two knives into his chest and side, and they say that at night the lightning does not go out."

Here, Lorca uses the image of lightning to symbolize the violence and passion of Antoñito's life, and the fact that it continues to burn even after his death. The use of the word "relámpago" (lightning) is particularly powerful, as it suggests that Antoñito's spirit is still alive and powerful, even in death.

Throughout the poem, Lorca uses a variety of symbols and metaphors to explore the themes of love, violence, and death. For example, the image of the white mice with eyes full of aniseed can be interpreted as a symbol of the fragility of life, and the fact that death can come at any moment. Similarly, the use of the moon as a symbol of love and beauty adds to the romantic and tragic atmosphere of the poem.

Overall, Muerte De Antoñito El Camborio is a masterful work of poetry that explores some of the most profound themes of human existence. Lorca's use of vivid imagery, powerful symbolism, and poetic language creates a haunting and unforgettable portrait of a young man who lived and died with passion and courage. Whether you are a fan of poetry or simply appreciate great literature, this classic poem is a must-read.

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