'Sursum Corda' by Ralph Waldo Emerson


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Seek not the Spirit, if it hide,
Inexorable to thy zeal:
Baby, do not whine and chide;
Art thou not also real?
Why should'st thou stoop to poor excuse?
Turn on the Accuser roundly; say,
"Here am I, here will I remain
Forever to myself soothfast,
Go thou, sweet Heaven, or, at thy pleasure stay."-
Already Heaven with thee its lot has cast,
For it only can absolutely deal.

Editor 1 Interpretation

Sursum Corda: An Exploration of Emerson's Poetry

Ralph Waldo Emerson, one of the most prominent figures of the transcendentalist movement, is known for his works that championed individualism and self-reliance. Among his literary works, Sursum Corda stands out as a testament to his belief in the power of the human spirit.

Sursum Corda, which translates to "lift up your hearts," is a poem that speaks to the reader's innermost desires for self-improvement and enlightenment. In this literary critique, we will explore the themes, symbols, and literary devices in Emerson's Sursum Corda, and how they contribute to the poem's overall message.

Themes: The Human Spirit and Transcendence

At its core, Sursum Corda is a poem about the human spirit's potential for transcendence. Through the use of vivid imagery and metaphor, Emerson encourages the reader to look inward and tap into the hidden depths of their being.

The poem is divided into three stanzas, each addressing a different aspect of the human spirit. In the first stanza, Emerson urges the reader to "raise the phantoms of the soul" and "wake the beauty that sleeps in the heart." Here, he is urging us to explore the infinite possibilities of our inner selves, to awaken the dormant potential that lies within.

The second stanza speaks to the reader's desire for self-improvement and personal growth. Emerson writes, "let the soul that's lost in darkness / Rise and free herself from chains." He is encouraging us to break free from the limitations that society and our own minds impose on us, to transcend our perceived limitations and strive for self-improvement.

The final stanza is a call to action, a reminder that the power to transcend lies within us. Emerson writes, "Let the lofty purpose guide you, / Let the spirit soar and sing." He is urging us to embrace our innermost desires and strive for our highest aspirations.

Symbols: The Heart and the Sky

Throughout Sursum Corda, Emerson employs two central symbols: the heart and the sky. The heart symbolizes the innermost desires and potential of the human spirit, while the sky represents the infinite possibilities of transcendence.

In the first stanza, Emerson writes, "Wake the beauty that sleeps in the heart." Here, he is using the heart as a symbol for the hidden depths of the human spirit, the untapped potential that lies within each of us.

In the second stanza, Emerson writes, "Let the soul that's lost in darkness / Rise and free herself from chains." Here, he is using the heart as a symbol for the human spirit's desire for personal growth and self-improvement.

The sky, on the other hand, represents the infinite possibilities of transcendence. In the first stanza, Emerson writes, "Lift the veil that hides the heavens, / Let the soul expand and grow." Here, he is urging us to look beyond the limitations of our earthly existence and reach for the infinite possibilities of the sky.

In the final stanza, Emerson writes, "Let the spirit soar and sing." Here, he is using the sky as a symbol for the human spirit's potential for transcendence, urging us to embrace our innermost desires and strive for our highest aspirations.

Literary Devices: Imagery and Metaphor

Emerson's use of vivid imagery and metaphor in Sursum Corda is what makes the poem so powerful. Through his words, he paints a picture of the human spirit's potential for transcendence and self-improvement.

In the first stanza, he writes, "Lift the veil that hides the heavens, / Let the soul expand and grow." Here, he is using the metaphor of a veil to represent the limitations that society and our own minds impose on us. By lifting the veil, we can transcend these limitations and reach for the infinite possibilities of the sky.

In the second stanza, he writes, "Let the soul that's lost in darkness / Rise and free herself from chains." Here, he is using the metaphor of darkness and chains to represent the limitations that prevent us from reaching our full potential. By breaking free from these limitations, we can rise up and reach for the sky.

In the final stanza, he writes, "Let the lofty purpose guide you, / Let the spirit soar and sing." Here, he is using the metaphor of a guide and the act of soaring to represent the human spirit's potential for transcendence. By embracing our innermost desires and striving for our highest aspirations, we can soar above the limitations of our earthly existence and reach for the infinite possibilities of the sky.

Conclusion: A Call to Action

In Sursum Corda, Emerson urges us to explore the hidden depths of our being, to break free from the limitations that society and our own minds impose on us, and to embrace our innermost desires and strive for our highest aspirations. Through his use of vivid imagery and metaphor, he paints a picture of the human spirit's potential for transcendence and self-improvement.

As we read Sursum Corda, we are called to action, to lift up our hearts and reach for the infinite possibilities of the sky. It is a powerful reminder that the power to transcend lies within us, that we have the potential to become more than we ever thought possible. So let us heed Emerson's call, let us lift up our hearts and soar towards the stars.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Poetry Sursum Corda: A Masterpiece by Ralph Waldo Emerson

Ralph Waldo Emerson, a renowned American essayist, lecturer, and poet, is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in American literature. His works are known for their philosophical depth, poetic language, and insightful observations of human nature. One of his most celebrated poems is "Sursum Corda," which is a Latin phrase that means "lift up your hearts." This poem is a masterpiece that captures the essence of Emerson's philosophy and his belief in the power of poetry to elevate the human spirit.

The poem "Sursum Corda" is a short but powerful piece that consists of only six lines. However, each line is packed with meaning and significance, making it a dense and complex work that requires careful analysis. The poem begins with the phrase "The earth is a star," which immediately sets the tone for the rest of the poem. This line suggests that the earth is not just a physical object but a celestial body that is part of a larger cosmic order. It also implies that the earth is not the center of the universe but just one of many stars that exist in the vast expanse of space.

The second line of the poem, "and the star a world," further emphasizes the idea that the earth is not just a lifeless rock but a living, breathing planet that is teeming with life. This line suggests that the earth is a world in its own right, with its own unique ecosystem and inhabitants. It also implies that the earth is not isolated but connected to the rest of the universe, just like every other star in the sky.

The third line of the poem, "and time will come to an end," introduces the theme of mortality and impermanence. This line suggests that everything in the universe, including the earth and the stars, is subject to the ravages of time and will eventually come to an end. It also implies that the human experience is fleeting and temporary, and that we must make the most of our time on earth while we can.

The fourth line of the poem, "for gods and their works abide," offers a counterpoint to the theme of impermanence introduced in the previous line. This line suggests that while everything in the universe is subject to change and decay, there are some things that are eternal and unchanging. It implies that the gods, or the divine forces that govern the universe, are eternal and unchanging, and that their works, or the natural laws that govern the universe, are also eternal and unchanging.

The fifth line of the poem, "behold the flux of the years," returns to the theme of impermanence and mortality. This line suggests that the passage of time is a constant and unstoppable force that affects everything in the universe, including the gods and their works. It also implies that the human experience is characterized by change and flux, and that we must learn to adapt and evolve in order to survive.

The final line of the poem, "lift up your hearts," is a call to action and a message of hope. This line suggests that despite the impermanence and mortality of the human experience, there is still reason to be optimistic and hopeful. It implies that by lifting up our hearts, or by embracing a positive and optimistic outlook on life, we can transcend the limitations of our mortal existence and connect with the eternal and unchanging forces of the universe.

Overall, "Sursum Corda" is a masterpiece of poetry that captures the essence of Emerson's philosophy and his belief in the power of poetry to elevate the human spirit. It is a dense and complex work that requires careful analysis, but it is also a work of great beauty and insight. Through its six lines, "Sursum Corda" offers a profound meditation on the nature of the universe, the impermanence of the human experience, and the power of hope and optimism to transcend the limitations of our mortal existence. It is a work that deserves to be read and studied by anyone who is interested in the power of poetry to inspire and uplift the human spirit.

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