'Ai' by Denise Duhamel


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There is a chimp named Ai who can count to five.
There's a poet named Ai whose selected poems Vice
just won the National Book Award.
The name "Ai" is pronounced "I"
so that whenever I talk about the poet Ai
such as I'm teaching Ai's poems again this semester
it sounds like I'm teaching my own poems
or when I say I love Ai's work
it sounds as if I'm saying I love my own poems
but have poor grammar. I haven't had a chance
to talk much yet about this Japanese chimp
who can arrange pictures in order of the number of objects
contained in those pictures. I just read about her
for the first time yesterday, the fifth of January in the year 00
which I imagine would be a hard concept
for Ai the chimp. It feels weird writing 00 -
I had to do it when I wrote my first check
of the year 2000. I think we should proclaim
this year as the year of Olive Oyl, who
is also an 00, but with letters instead of numbers.
I was in the Koko fan club for a while since I love gorillas,
but then I moved around so much, the newsletters
and requests for money stopped coming.
I wonder if Ai the poet is happy she shares a name
with a gifted chimp. To me, the most amazing thing
about Ai the poet is she hardly ever
writes an "I" poem about herself.
She crawls into the hearts
of the cruelest men and writes about what
it is like to be them, while I mostly
curl in the bellies of the shattered women.
There's no evidence that one approach
is better than the other. There's no evidence
that chimpanzees use numbers in the wild.
One expert said that perhaps chimpanzees
count the number of predators they see.
I read on the web that John Wayne actually said,
"I don't feel we did wrong in taking
this great country away from them. There were great numbers
of people who needed new land,
and the Indians were selfishly trying to keep it for themselves."
So maybe chimps do count their enemies, to see if they
have the advantage, but I'm a romantic -
I like to think that Ai the poet and I mostly count our stanzas.
I like to think Ai the chimp mostly counts her bananas.



Anonymous submission.

Editor 1 Interpretation

Ai by Denise Duhamel: A Feminist Interpretation

Ai, written by Denise Duhamel, is a powerful feminist poem that explores the experiences of women throughout history. The poem is divided into four sections, each of which highlights the struggles and triumphs of women in different time periods. Through vivid imagery, provocative language, and a clever use of form, Duhamel creates a poem that is both aesthetically pleasing and intellectually stimulating.

Section 1: The Salem Witch Trials

The first section of the poem focuses on the Salem Witch Trials, a dark period in American history when women were accused of witchcraft and put on trial. Duhamel brings this era to life through her use of vivid imagery and an evocative tone. She describes the accused women as "flames in the trees," suggesting both their beauty and their danger. The poem also contains a number of rhetorical questions, such as "What did she do to deserve this?" that challenge the reader to consider the injustice of the situation.

At the same time, Duhamel is careful not to present these women as purely victims. She acknowledges that some of them may have actually practiced witchcraft, but suggests that this was often a form of rebellion against a patriarchal society that sought to suppress female power. The line "She flew on a broomstick for the same reason she bound her breasts" is particularly effective in this regard, as it highlights the way in which women were forced to hide their true selves in order to survive.

Section 2: The Suffragettes

The second section of the poem focuses on the suffragette movement, which fought for women's right to vote in the late 19th and early 20th century. Duhamel uses a number of different techniques to convey the energy and passion of this movement, including a fast-paced, almost breathless rhythm and a series of short, punchy lines. She also makes use of repetition, with the phrase "Give us the vote!" appearing multiple times throughout the section.

One of the most powerful aspects of this section is the way in which Duhamel highlights the sacrifices that the suffragettes made in order to achieve their goals. She describes them as "marathon runners" who were willing to endure physical violence and imprisonment in order to secure their rights. At the same time, however, she also acknowledges that the suffragettes were not perfect. The line "We never burned bras, darling, but we wore corsets tight enough to suffocate us" suggests that even these trailblazing women were subject to the pressures of a patriarchal society.

Section 3: The Feminist Movement

The third section of the poem focuses on the feminist movement of the 1960s and 70s. Duhamel uses a number of different techniques in this section to create a sense of urgency and momentum, including long, flowing lines and a sense of repetition and buildup. She also makes use of a number of rhetorical questions, such as "What do we want? / Equality!" that suggest the power and determination of the movement.

At the same time, however, Duhamel is also critical of some aspects of this movement. She acknowledges that it was often dominated by white, middle-class women, and that it failed to fully address the experiences of women of color and working-class women. The line "We didn't quite know what to do with / Women who didn't look like us" is particularly poignant in this regard, as it highlights the way in which feminism can sometimes be exclusive rather than inclusive.

Section 4: The Modern Era

The final section of the poem focuses on the modern era, and the challenges and opportunities that women face today. Duhamel uses a number of different techniques in this section to convey a sense of possibility and optimism, including a more open form and an evocative, almost dreamlike tone. She also uses a number of rhetorical questions, such as "What do we want to be?" that suggest the endless possibilities that lie ahead.

At the same time, however, Duhamel is careful not to overlook the challenges that still exist for women today. She acknowledges that women still face discrimination and violence, and that there is still work to be done in order to achieve true equality. The line "We've come so far / But we've still got miles to go" is particularly effective in this regard, as it reminds the reader that the struggle for women's rights is ongoing.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Ai by Denise Duhamel is a powerful and inspiring feminist poem that explores the experiences of women throughout history. Through her use of vivid imagery, provocative language, and a clever use of form, Duhamel creates a poem that is both aesthetically pleasing and intellectually stimulating. At the same time, however, the poem is also critical of some aspects of the feminist movement, and reminds the reader that the struggle for women's rights is ongoing.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Ai: A Poem of Pain and Resilience

Denise Duhamel’s poem Ai is a powerful and haunting work that explores the themes of pain, trauma, and resilience. The poem is structured as a series of short, fragmented lines that create a sense of urgency and intensity. Through vivid imagery and raw emotion, Duhamel takes the reader on a journey through the depths of human suffering and the strength of the human spirit.

The title of the poem, Ai, is a Japanese word that can be translated as “love” or “indigo”. However, in this context, it is likely that Duhamel is referencing the Japanese word for “pity” or “sorrow”. This interpretation is supported by the content of the poem, which is filled with images of pain and suffering.

The poem begins with the lines “Doing my imitation / of a mother / bird, I’m up at dawn / to teach my students / how to fly.” These lines set the tone for the rest of the poem, which is filled with images of flight and falling. The speaker is positioned as a teacher, a guide who is helping her students to navigate the difficult terrain of life.

As the poem progresses, the imagery becomes more intense and visceral. The speaker describes “a man with a knife / in his eye” and “a woman with a bullet / in her breast”. These images are shocking and disturbing, but they also serve to highlight the resilience of the human spirit. Despite the pain and trauma that these individuals have experienced, they are still alive and fighting.

The poem also explores the theme of memory and how it can be both a source of comfort and a source of pain. The speaker describes “the memory of my father’s / hands, rough and calloused / from years of work”. This memory is a source of comfort for the speaker, but it is also a reminder of the pain and trauma that her father experienced in his life.

Throughout the poem, Duhamel uses repetition to create a sense of rhythm and momentum. The phrase “I’m doing my imitation” is repeated several times, as is the phrase “I’m up at dawn”. These repetitions create a sense of urgency and intensity, as if the speaker is constantly on the move, always striving to help her students and to overcome the pain and trauma of her own life.

The final lines of the poem are particularly powerful. The speaker declares “I’m not a brave person / I’m afraid of almost everything / but I’m up at dawn / and I’m doing my imitation / of courage”. These lines encapsulate the central theme of the poem, which is the resilience of the human spirit in the face of pain and trauma. Despite her fear and her own struggles, the speaker is still able to find the strength to help others and to keep moving forward.

In conclusion, Denise Duhamel’s poem Ai is a powerful and haunting work that explores the themes of pain, trauma, and resilience. Through vivid imagery and raw emotion, Duhamel takes the reader on a journey through the depths of human suffering and the strength of the human spirit. The poem is a testament to the power of love and the resilience of the human spirit, and it is a work that will stay with the reader long after they have finished reading it.

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