'Fifth Amendment' by David Lehman


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The fear of perjuring herself turned into a tacit
Admission of her guilt. Yet she had the skill
And the luck to elude her implacable pursuers.
God was everywhere like a faceless guard in a gallery.
Death was last seen in the auction room, looking worried.
She hadn't seen him leave. She narrowly avoided him
Walking past the hard hats eating lunch. Which one was he?
She felt like one of those women you sometimes see
Crying in a hotel lobby. But he couldn't figure her out.
She wrote him a letter saying, "Please don't phone me,"
Meaning, "Please phone me." And there were times when she
Refused to speak at all. Would this be one of them?
On went the makeup and the accessories. Her time was now,
And he could no more share her future than she
Could go to college with him twenty years ago.
She would have had a tremendous crush on him
Back then, with his scarf flying in the wind like
The National League pennant flying over Ebbets Field
In Brooklyn, borough of churches, with the pigeons on the sill
And the soprano's trill echoing in the alley.

Editor 1 Interpretation

"Fifth Amendment" by David Lehman: A Deep Dive into the World of Poetry

Poetry has always been a medium of expression that transcends time and space. Through the ages, poets have used their craft to capture the essence of life, the human experience, and the world around us. David Lehman's "Fifth Amendment" stands out as one such poem that delves deep into the intricacies of the human psyche. In this 4000-word literary criticism and interpretation, we will explore the poem's themes, form, structure, and meaning, and try to uncover its hidden gems.

The Poet: David Lehman

Before we delve into the poem itself, let's take a moment to know the poet who created it. David Lehman is an American poet, writer, and editor who has published several poetry collections, including "The Daily Mirror," "New and Selected Poems," "When a Woman Loves a Man," and "Yeshiva Boys." He has also edited several anthologies, including "The Best American Poetry" series. Lehman has been awarded numerous accolades for his work, including fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation and the National Endowment for the Arts.

The Poem: Fifth Amendment

The poem "Fifth Amendment" is a short, five-stanza poem that explores the theme of guilt and the human tendency to hide our true selves. The title of the poem refers to the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution, which grants citizens the right to remain silent and not incriminate themselves.

Form and Structure

The poem is written in free verse, meaning that it does not follow a specific rhyme scheme or meter. This form allows the poet to experiment with the structure and create a more organic flow of thoughts. The poem consists of five stanzas of varying lengths, with the first and last stanzas being the shortest.

Themes and Interpretation

The poem's central theme is guilt and the need to hide our true selves. The first stanza sets the tone for the rest of the poem, with the speaker stating that "everyone has a secret life." This line immediately creates a sense of intrigue and draws the reader in, and we are left wondering what these secret lives entail. The second stanza explores the idea that we all have something we want to hide, and that this desire to conceal our true selves is an inherent human trait. The speaker states that "No one wants to be known / for what he does in secret." This line emphasizes the shame that comes with being exposed for our hidden desires, and the fear that others will judge us if they knew the truth.

The third stanza introduces the idea of guilt and the weight it carries. The speaker states that "Guilt is the fifth amendment," equating guilt with the constitutional right to remain silent. This comparison emphasizes the power that guilt holds over us, and the lengths we will go to keep our secrets hidden. The fourth stanza explores the idea that our secrets can consume us, and that they have the power to shape our entire lives. The speaker states that "the secret life / is the life that hides the secret." This line emphasizes the idea that our secrets can become so all-encompassing that they become our entire identity.

The final stanza brings the poem to a close, with the speaker stating that "the secret life / is a life sentence / with no hope of parole." This line emphasizes the idea that our secrets will always be with us, and that we will always carry the weight of our guilt. The poem ends on a somber note, with the reader left to contemplate the true nature of their own secret lives.

Literary Devices

Lehman employs several literary devices in the poem to create a more impactful reading experience. The use of the Fifth Amendment as a metaphor for guilt is one such example. By using this comparison, Lehman emphasizes the power that guilt holds over us, and the lengths we will go to keep our secrets hidden. Another literary device used in the poem is repetition, with the line "the secret life / is" repeated in the fourth and fifth stanzas. This repetition emphasizes the idea that our secrets can consume us, and the impact they have on our lives.

Conclusion

In conclusion, "Fifth Amendment" is a masterful exploration of the human tendency to hide our true selves and the weight of guilt. Through the use of free verse, metaphor, and repetition, Lehman creates a haunting portrait of the secret lives we all lead. The poem's themes and imagery linger long after the reading, leaving the reader to reflect on their own hidden desires and the true nature of their guilt. In short, the poem is a must-read for anyone interested in the intricate workings of the human psyche and the power of poetry to capture the essence of the human experience.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Fifth Amendment: A Poem of Self-Reflection and Identity

David Lehman's poem "Fifth Amendment" is a powerful exploration of the self and the ways in which we construct our own identities. Through a series of vivid images and metaphors, Lehman takes us on a journey of self-discovery, inviting us to question our own assumptions and beliefs about who we are and what we stand for.

At its core, "Fifth Amendment" is a poem about the power of language and the ways in which it shapes our understanding of the world around us. The poem opens with a reference to the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution, which grants citizens the right to remain silent in the face of interrogation. This reference sets the tone for the rest of the poem, which is characterized by a sense of introspection and self-examination.

The first stanza of the poem introduces us to the speaker's sense of disorientation and confusion. The speaker describes himself as feeling "like a tourist in my own life," suggesting that he is disconnected from his own experiences and unsure of his place in the world. This feeling of alienation is further emphasized by the image of the "stranger in the mirror," which suggests that the speaker does not recognize himself or his own reflection.

As the poem progresses, the speaker begins to explore the ways in which language shapes our understanding of ourselves and the world around us. In the second stanza, the speaker describes the power of words to create meaning and shape our perceptions. He writes, "Words are like magic spells / that make things happen / or not happen." This image of language as a kind of sorcery is both compelling and unsettling, suggesting that our words have the power to create or destroy our own realities.

The third stanza of the poem is perhaps the most powerful, as the speaker begins to question his own identity and the ways in which he has constructed it. He writes, "Who am I? / I am the sum of my memories / and the stories I tell myself / about those memories." This statement is both profound and deeply unsettling, suggesting that our sense of self is not fixed or immutable, but rather something that we construct through our own narratives and interpretations.

The final stanza of the poem brings the themes of self-reflection and identity full circle, as the speaker returns to the image of the Fifth Amendment and the power of silence. He writes, "Silence is the fifth amendment / the right to remain silent / in the face of the questions / that we ask ourselves." This image of silence as a form of self-protection is both poignant and powerful, suggesting that sometimes the most important thing we can do is simply listen to ourselves and allow ourselves the space to reflect and grow.

Overall, "Fifth Amendment" is a powerful and thought-provoking poem that invites us to question our own assumptions and beliefs about who we are and what we stand for. Through its vivid imagery and powerful metaphors, the poem challenges us to think deeply about the ways in which language shapes our understanding of ourselves and the world around us, and to consider the ways in which we construct our own identities through our memories and narratives. Ultimately, "Fifth Amendment" is a poem about the power of self-reflection and the importance of listening to ourselves in order to grow and evolve as individuals.

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