'Haunted Oak, The' by Paul Laurence Dunbar


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Pray why are you so bare, so bare,
Oh, bough of the old oak-tree;
And why, when I go through the shade you throw,
Runs a shudder over me?

My leaves were green as the best, I trow,
And sap ran free in my veins,
But I say in the moonlight dim and weird
A guiltless victim's pains.

They'd charged him with the old, old crime,
And set him fast in jail:
Oh, why does the dog howl all night long,
And why does the night wind wail?

He prayed his prayer and he swore his oath,
And he raised his hand to the sky;
But the beat of hoofs smote on his ear,
And the steady tread drew nigh.

Who is it rides by night, by night,
Over the moonlit road?
And what is the spur that keeps the pace,
What is the galling goad?

And now they beat at the prison door,
"Ho, keeper, do not stay!
We are friends of him whom you hold within,
And we fain would take him away

"From those who ride fast on our heels
With mind to do him wrong;
They have no care for his innocence,
And the rope they bear is long."

They have fooled the jailer with lying words,
They have fooled the man with lies;
The bolts unbar, the locks are drawn,
And the great door open flies.

Now they have taken him from the jail,
And hard and fast they ride,
And the leader laughs low down in his throat,
As they halt my trunk beside.

Oh, the judge, he wore a mask of black,
And the doctor one of white,
And the minister, with his oldest son,
Was curiously bedight.

Oh, foolish man, why weep you now?
'Tis but a little space,
And the time will come when these shall dread
The mem'ry of your face.

I feel the rope against my bark,
And the weight of him in my grain,
I feel in the throe of his final woe
The touch of my own last pain.

And never more shall leaves come forth
On the bough that bears the ban;
I am burned with dread, I am dried and dead,
From the curse of a guiltless man.

And ever the judge rides by, rides by,
And goes to hunt the deer,
And ever another rides his soul
In the guise of a mortal fear.

And ever the man he rides me hard,
And never a night stays he;
For I feel his curse as a haunted bough,
On the trunk of a haunted tree.

Editor 1 Interpretation

Haunted by the Haunted Oak

A Literary Criticism and Interpretation of Paul Laurence Dunbar's Poem

As I sit down to write this literary critique and interpretation of Paul Laurence Dunbar's "Haunted Oak," I can't help but feel a certain level of excitement. There's something about this poem that draws me in, that captivates me and leaves me thinking long after I've put it down. Perhaps it's the haunting imagery, or the way Dunbar weaves together the elements of nature and the supernatural. Whatever it is, I know that this is a poem that demands attention, that deserves to be read and studied and analyzed.

So, let's dive right in, shall we? "Haunted Oak" is a poem that tells the story of a tree that is haunted by the spirits of slaves who were lynched there many years ago. The tree, a symbol of the deep roots of racism and oppression in America, is a powerful metaphor for the legacy of slavery and the ongoing struggle for racial justice.

Dunbar's use of language in this poem is striking. He employs a variety of poetic devices, such as alliteration and repetition, to create a sense of foreboding and unease. The opening lines, for example, use repetition to build tension and suspense:

In the depth of the oak-tree's shadow,
Draped in some occult power,
The mighty trunk stood strangely mellow,
Like some Lothario of a bower.

Here, the repetition of the "o" and "ee" sounds creates a sense of ominousness, as though something is lurking just beyond our sight. The use of the word "occult" adds to this feeling, suggesting that there is a supernatural force at work.

As the poem progresses, Dunbar introduces us to the spirits that haunt the oak tree:

And when the night wind's chilly fingers
Touched the boughs above his head,
The oak-tree writhed all weird and wry,
Like one in an agony of dread.

Here, we see the tree personified, as though it were a living, breathing being. The use of the word "writhed" suggests that the tree is in pain, while the phrase "agony of dread" evokes a sense of fear and desperation.

But it is not just the tree that is haunted. Dunbar also brings in the spirits of the slaves themselves, describing them as "black and brown and gray and white, / Ghosts of the dear dead women and men / That come to the place to-night." The use of color here is significant, as it highlights the diversity of the victims of lynching and the way in which racism affects people of all races and ethnicities.

As the poem comes to a close, Dunbar gives us a haunting image of the spirits disappearing into the night:

And the oak-tree and the hanging men,
The multitude of the tree,
A hundred forms in the flickering gloom,
Were dimly to be seen.

Here, we see the spirits merging with the tree itself, becoming one with the symbol of oppression that has haunted them for so long. The use of the word "multitude" suggests that there are many more victims of lynching than we can possibly imagine, while the phrase "flickering gloom" evokes a sense of transience and impermanence.

So, what can we take away from this poem? For me, "Haunted Oak" is a powerful reminder of the ongoing legacy of racism in America. The image of the haunted tree, with its roots stretching deep into the earth, is a metaphor for the way in which racism is embedded in our society, woven into the very fabric of our history and culture.

But the poem is not without hope. The fact that the spirits of the slaves are able to come back and haunt the oak tree suggests that there is still power in their memory, still the possibility of justice and redemption. As Dunbar writes in the final lines of the poem:

And the people who live in the town,
Through the dreary centuries long,
Have never forgotten the hanging men,
And the tree that still stands so strong.

Here, we see the possibility of redemption, the hope that someday we can confront and overcome the legacy of racism and oppression that has haunted us for so long.

In conclusion, "Haunted Oak" is a powerful and haunting poem that speaks to the ongoing struggle for racial justice in America. Dunbar's use of language and imagery creates a sense of foreboding and unease, while his message of hope reminds us that we have the power to confront and overcome the legacy of racism and oppression that has haunted us for so long. This is a poem that demands attention, that deserves to be read and studied and analyzed. Let us not forget the hanging men, nor the tree that still stands so strong.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

The Haunted Oak by Paul Laurence Dunbar is a classic poem that has stood the test of time. It is a hauntingly beautiful piece of literature that tells the story of a tree that has been witness to a terrible crime. The poem is a masterpiece of imagery and symbolism, and it is a testament to the power of poetry to evoke emotion and create a lasting impression on the reader.

The poem begins with a description of the oak tree, which stands alone in a field. The tree is old and gnarled, and its branches are twisted and bent. The tree is described as being haunted, and the reader is left to wonder what has caused this haunting. The first stanza sets the tone for the rest of the poem, and it is clear that the tree is a central character in the story.

In the second stanza, the poem takes a dark turn. The tree is described as being the site of a terrible crime. A slave was hanged from the tree, and his body was left to rot in the sun. The tree was witness to this horrific event, and it has been haunted ever since. The imagery in this stanza is powerful, and it creates a sense of sadness and despair.

The third stanza is where the poem really shines. The tree speaks to the reader, and it tells its story. The tree describes how it has been haunted by the memory of the slave who was hanged from its branches. The tree is tormented by the memory of the crime, and it longs for justice to be served. The tree is a symbol of the injustice that was done to the slave, and it represents the pain and suffering that he endured.

The fourth stanza is a call to action. The tree implores the reader to remember the slave who was hanged from its branches. The tree wants the reader to remember the injustice that was done to him, and to work towards a better future. The tree is a symbol of hope, and it represents the possibility of change.

The final stanza is a powerful conclusion to the poem. The tree is described as being a symbol of the past, present, and future. The tree represents the pain and suffering of the past, the hope and possibility of the present, and the promise of a better future. The tree is a reminder that we must never forget the injustices of the past, and that we must work towards a better future for all.

In conclusion, The Haunted Oak by Paul Laurence Dunbar is a masterpiece of poetry. It is a hauntingly beautiful piece of literature that tells the story of a tree that has been witness to a terrible crime. The poem is a testament to the power of poetry to evoke emotion and create a lasting impression on the reader. The imagery and symbolism in the poem are powerful, and they create a sense of sadness, despair, and hope. The tree is a symbol of the past, present, and future, and it reminds us that we must never forget the injustices of the past, and that we must work towards a better future for all.

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