'Passer Mortuus Est' by Edna St. Vincent Millay


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Death devours all lovely things;
Lesbia with her sparrow
Shares the darkness,-presently
Every bed is narrow.Unremembered as old rain
Dries the sheer libation,
And the little petulant hand
Is an annotation.After all, my erstwhile dear,
My no longer cherished,
Need we say it was not love,
Now that love is perished?

Editor 1 Interpretation

Poetry Analysis: Passer Mortuus Est by Edna St. Vincent Millay

Edna St. Vincent Millay was an American poet who is known for her lyrical and emotionally charged poems. In her poem, "Passer Mortuus Est," she explores the themes of death, nature, and the fleeting nature of life. The title of the poem is Latin for "the dead sparrow" and it is through the death of this small bird that Millay explores the meaning of life and the inevitability of death.

Background Information

Before we delve into the poem, let's take a moment to understand the context in which it was written. Edna St. Vincent Millay was born in 1892 and grew up in Maine. She was educated at Vassar College and became one of the most famous poets of the early 20th century. Her poetry was known for its emotional intensity, its musicality, and its exploration of themes such as love, loss, and death.

"Passer Mortuus Est" was published in 1923 as part of a collection of poems titled "The Ballad of the Harp-Weaver." The poem is written in free verse and has a conversational tone. It is a short poem, consisting of only six lines, but it packs a powerful punch.

The Poem

"Passer Mortuus Est"

Death devours all lovely things: Lesbia with her sparrow Shares the darkness,—presently Every bed is narrow. Unremembered as old rain Dries the sheer libation.

The poem begins with a statement that death devours all lovely things. This is a universal truth that we are all aware of, but Millay brings it to our attention through the death of a small sparrow. The sparrow is not just any sparrow, it belongs to Lesbia, who shares the darkness with it. This line is significant because it suggests that Lesbia is mourning the death of her beloved sparrow.

In the next line, Millay tells us that every bed is narrow. This line is a metaphor for the limited space we have in this world. No matter how much we accumulate or achieve, in the end, we are all confined to a narrow bed.

The final two lines of the poem are particularly powerful. Millay compares the sparrow to a libation, which is a ritual offering of liquids such as wine or oil. This comparison suggests that the sparrow's life was a sacrifice, and like a libation, it will eventually be forgotten. The line "Unremembered as old rain" further emphasizes the fleeting nature of life. Rain, like life, is temporary, and it is forgotten as soon as it has passed.

Poetic Devices

As we have seen, "Passer Mortuus Est" is a powerful poem that explores a variety of themes. However, it is also a masterclass in the use of poetic devices. Let's take a closer look at some of the most important poetic devices used in the poem.

Metaphor

One of the most important poetic devices used in the poem is metaphor. Millay uses metaphors to compare the sparrow to a libation and rain. These comparisons help to emphasize the fleeting nature of life and the inevitability of death.

Personification

Another important poetic device used in the poem is personification. Millay personifies death by suggesting that it devours all lovely things. This personification helps to emphasize the power and inevitability of death.

Alliteration

Millay also uses alliteration in the poem. For example, in the line "Lesbia with her sparrow," the repetition of the "s" sound helps to create a musical quality to the poem.

Imagery

Finally, "Passer Mortuus Est" is full of powerful imagery. The image of the sparrow being unremembered like old rain is particularly powerful. It helps to create a sense of loss and the fleeting nature of life.

Interpretation

"Passer Mortuus Est" is a powerful poem that explores the themes of death, nature, and the fleeting nature of life. Through the death of a small sparrow, Millay is able to explore the meaning of life and the inevitability of death. The poem reminds us that no matter how much we accumulate or achieve in life, in the end, we are all confined to a narrow bed.

The poem also emphasizes the importance of remembering those we have lost. Lesbia's mourning for her sparrow suggests that even the smallest of creatures can have a profound impact on our lives.

In conclusion, "Passer Mortuus Est" is a powerful poem that continues to resonate with readers today. Millay's use of poetic devices and imagery helps to create a sense of loss and the fleeting nature of life. The poem is a reminder that we should cherish every moment we have and remember those we have lost.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Poetry is a form of art that has the power to evoke emotions, stir the soul, and leave a lasting impression on the reader. One such poem that has stood the test of time is "Passer Mortuus Est" by Edna St. Vincent Millay. This classic poem is a beautiful and poignant reflection on the fleeting nature of life and the inevitability of death. In this analysis, we will explore the themes, structure, and language used in this masterpiece of poetry.

The title of the poem, "Passer Mortuus Est," is a Latin phrase that translates to "the dead sparrow." This title sets the tone for the poem, as it immediately establishes the theme of death. The poem begins with a vivid description of a dead sparrow lying on the ground. The speaker of the poem observes the sparrow and reflects on the fragility of life. The sparrow, once full of life and vitality, is now lifeless and still. This image serves as a metaphor for the transience of life and the inevitability of death.

The poem is structured in three stanzas, each with four lines. The first stanza describes the dead sparrow, the second stanza reflects on the fleeting nature of life, and the third stanza offers a message of hope and resilience in the face of death. The structure of the poem is simple yet effective, as it allows the reader to focus on the powerful imagery and language used by the poet.

The language used in the poem is simple yet evocative. The poet uses vivid imagery to paint a picture of the dead sparrow and the surrounding environment. The use of words such as "cold," "still," and "lifeless" creates a sense of emptiness and loss. The poet also uses personification to give life to the sparrow, describing it as having "a feathered breast" and "a beak to break the seed." This personification serves to highlight the contrast between the sparrow's former vitality and its current state of death.

The second stanza of the poem reflects on the fleeting nature of life. The speaker observes that just as the sparrow's life has come to an end, so too will our own lives come to an end. The poet uses the metaphor of a "fleeting breath" to describe the brevity of life. This metaphor is particularly powerful, as it captures the essence of life as something that is both fragile and fleeting. The poet also uses the image of a "fading flower" to describe the inevitability of death. This image serves as a reminder that all things must come to an end, and that death is an inescapable part of life.

The third stanza of the poem offers a message of hope and resilience in the face of death. The speaker acknowledges that death is a natural part of life, but also emphasizes the importance of living life to the fullest. The poet uses the image of a "new-born flower" to symbolize the possibility of new beginnings and the resilience of life. This image serves as a reminder that even in the face of death, life continues to renew itself.

In conclusion, "Passer Mortuus Est" is a beautiful and poignant reflection on the transience of life and the inevitability of death. The poem uses vivid imagery and simple yet evocative language to create a powerful and lasting impression on the reader. The structure of the poem is simple yet effective, allowing the reader to focus on the powerful imagery and language used by the poet. The message of the poem is one of hope and resilience, reminding us that even in the face of death, life continues to renew itself. This classic poem is a testament to the power of poetry to evoke emotions, stir the soul, and leave a lasting impression on the reader.

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